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EFFector Online Volume 09 No. 13      Sept. 27, 1996      editors@eff.org

A Publication of the Electronic Frontier Foundation        ISSN 1062-9424

ALERT: Wiretap Funding & Expanded Powers Sneak into Major Bill

  Intro

  What YOU Can Do NOW

  Background

ACLU, EF-Georgia, EFF, et al., Challenge GA "Net Police" Law

ASEAN Nations' Net Censorship Pact Criticized

ALERT: Push for Online Access to Congressional Documents

NewsNybbles

  FTC Calls for Privacy Legislation in Wake of P-Trak Controversy

  Bernstein Hearing Held - ITAR Constitutionality Challenged

  "Clipper III" On the Move

  TIA Tells FBI "No" on National Cell Phone Surveillance Network

  House Crypto Hearing Held

  AOL Spam Filter Injunction Lifted

  Update on anon.penet.fi

  EFF's Barlow v. CDA-pusher Taylor on Wired's "Brain Tennis"

  SF Internet Demo (Volunteers Needed)

  European Commission Calls for Internet "V-Chip" and Anti-Freedom Crypto

  Net Censorship in India - Update

  Net Censorship in China - Update

  Net Censorship in Sinapore - Update

  2nd System-Cracker Strike Against US Govt. Web Pages

Upcoming Events

Quote of the Day

What YOU Can Do

Administrivia

* See http://www.eff.org/Alerts/ or ftp.eff.org, /pub/Alerts/ for more

nformation on current EFF activities and online activism alerts! *

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: ALERT: Wiretap Funding & Expanded Powers Sneak into Major Bill

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

    ** ACTION ALERT ** ACTION ALERT ** ACTION ALERT ** ACTION ALERT **

 Digital Telphony Funding & Expanded Wiretap Powers Sneak into Major Bill

 ************************************************************************

URGENT ACTION NEEDED IMMEDIATELY!                     DEADLINE: Sept. 30

  Please redistribute this alert to relevant forums. Please do not

  distribute after Oct. 5.  This alert produced & distributed

  by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (http://www.eff.org), and

  the American Civil Liberties Union (http://www.aclu.org)

* Executive summary:

The Administration is sneaking funding for expansion of wiretapping powers

nto a huge appropriations bill, that must be passed with or without these

 1) Contact your own legislators. Lists at:

    http://www.eff.org/pub/Activism/Congress_contact

    Urge them to pressure Congressional leaders and appropriations 

    committee members to remove wiretap & wiretap funding provisions

    from the omnibus funding bill called the Continuing Resolution.

 2) Contact Congress leaders and CJS appropriations subcommittee members

    yourself, and ask them to remove these controversion provisions.

 3) Contact CJS appropriations subcommittee members, if you have time.

    (pointers to contact info below).

* Contents

     Intro

     What YOU Can Do NOW

     Background

* Intro

The Clinton Administration has managed to insert provisions for money and 

a new slush fund for the CALEA ("Digital Telephony") wiretap-the-nation 

minor politically-motivated crimes, into a major funding bill that 

Congress will definitely pass, with or without these provisions.

DEADLINE: Uncertain, but probably Mon., Sep. 30, at the latest. Friday, 

Sept. 27, is the day to act.  If you receive this Sat. or Sun., please send 

faxes to legislators, so they arrive before Mon.

* What YOU Can Do NOW

Contact your own legislators, and ask them to push Appropriations 

committees and Congressional leadership to strip the CALEA money & slush 

fund, roving wiretap, and wiretap expansion provisions from the 

appropriations legislation before Congress adjourns.

Lists of legislators are available at 

TALKING POINTS:

  * You are a constituent

  * You are watching the outcome of this legislation very closely.

  * You are an Internet user, and learned about this bill on the Net.

  * The provisions in question are dangerous, highly controversial, and 

    do not belong in a funding bill. Hearings must be held.

  * These four provisions need to be removed: establishment of CALEA slush 

    fund (formally, Telecommunications Carrier Compliantce Fund), monies for 

    CALEA implementation and slush fund, "roving" ("multipoint") 

    wiretaps, and wiretap expansions to include minor crimes.

  * Refer to the bill as the "Continuing Resolution".

across rapidly. There is no time left for long deliberations, just yes 

or no on this measure.

Also call and/or fax Congressional leadership.  These senior legislators

expansion, and CALEA money & slush fund provisions. See talking 

    SENATE

 Party State   Name                        Voice         Fax

 ----------------------------------------------------------------------

     R MS Lott, Trent                1-202-224-6253  1-202-224-2262

          (Majority Leader)

     R OK Nickles, Donald            1-202-224-5754  1-202-224-6008

          (Majority Whip)

     D SD Daschle, Thomas A.         1-202-224-2321  1-202-224-2047

          (Minority Leader)

     D KY Ford, Wendell H.           1-202-224-4343  1-202-224-0046

          (Minority Whip)

     R OR Hatfield, Mark O.          1-202-224-3753  1-202-224-0276

          (Chair, Appropriations Committee)

     D WV Byrd, Robert C.            1-202-224-3954  1-202-224-4025

          (Ranking Member, Approp. Cmte.)

     R NH Gregg, Judd                1-202-224-3324  1-202-224-4952

          (Chair, Commerce, Justice & State Approp. Subcommittee)

     D SC Hollings, Ernest F.        1-202-224-6121  1-202-224-4293

          (Ranking Member, CJS Approp. Subcmte.)

     R UT Hatch, Orrin G.            1-202-224-5251  1-202-224-6331

          (Chair, Judiciary Cmte.)     

     D DE Biden Jr., Joseph R.       1-202-224-5042  1-202-224-0139

          (Ranking Member, Judiciary Cmte.)

     D VT Leahy, Patrick J.          1-202-224-4242  1-202-224-3595

          (a senior member of Sen. Jud. Cmte., co-sponsor of CALEA)

    HOUSE

 Dist. State Name (Party)                Voice         Fax

 ----------------------------------------------------------------------

     6 GA Gingrich, Newt (R)         1-202-225-4501  1-202-225-4656

          (Speaker of the House)

    26 TX Armey, Richard K. (R)      1-202-225-7772  1-202-225-7614

          (Majority Leader)

    22 TX DeLay, Thomas (R)          1-202-225-5951  1-202-225-5241

          (Majority Whip)

     3 MO Gephardt, Richard A. (D)   1-202-225-2671  1-202-225-7452

          (Minority Leader)

    10 MI Bonior, David E. (D)       1-202-225-2106  1-202-226-1169

          (Minority Whip)

     1 LA Livingston, Robert (R)     1-202-225-3015  1-202-225-0739

          (Chair, Appropriations Committee)

     7 WI Obey, David R. (D)         1-202-225-3365  1-202-225-0561

          (Ranking Member, Approp. Cmte.)

     5 KY Rogers, Harold (R)         1-202-225-4601  1-202-225-0940

          (Chair, Commerce, Justice & State Approp. Subcommittee)

     1 WV Mollohan, Alan B. (D)      1-202-225-4172  1-202-225-7564

          (Ranking Member, CJS Approp. Subcmte.)

     6 IL Hyde, Henry J. (R)         1-202-225-4561  1-202-226-1240

          (Chair, Judiciary Cmte.)

    14 MI Conyers Jr., John (D)      1-202-225-5126  1-202-225-0072

          (Ranking Member, Judiciary Cmte.)

     9 NY Schumer, Charles E. (D)    1-202-225-6616  1-202-225-4183

          (a senior member of the Jud. Cmte.)

    47 CA Cox, Christopher (R)       1-202-225-5611  1-202-225-9177

          (Chair, Republican Policy Cmte.)

Call & fax the members of the Senate and House Commerce, Justice & State

Appropriations Subcommitees (of the S. & H. Appropriations Committees)

and ask them to REMOVE all CALEA funding and other wiretap-related

belong in a last minute funding bill. They are highly controversial,

undermine American civil liberties, and must be subject to full hearings

and public input, in committees suited to these issues. 

See step 1, above, for talking points.  

Lists of the Subcommittee members & their contact info are available at:

We realize this is a lot of calls, faxes or at least emails.  If you 

that in step 2 you contacted the full Appropriation Committees' and 

the CJS Subcommittees' chairmen and ranking members, as well as Lott, 

Gingrich, and Armey.  That's just 10 people including your own 

legislators.  Probably less time than it takes to make and eat lunch

or watch a sitcom.

* Background

Having funding for the controversial Communications Assistance to Law 

Enforcement Act (CALEA, previously called the Digital Telephony Bill) 

CALEA funding provisions - and more - into an omnibus spending bill. The 

latest version of the amendment goes far beyond asking for the 

fund, drawing on the budgets of "any agency" with "law enforcement, national 

agencies like NSA with enormous, classified (virtually bottomless) budgets 

not subject to public accountability, to the Department of the Treasury 

tself, as well as CIA, DEA, FBI and others. This fund would be fueled by

"left-over" money better re-directed to reducing the deficit.

Additionally, the amendment would seed the fund and pay for some initial 

CALEA network re-engineering with $40mil in direct monies. 

Worse yet, the amendment provides for roving wiretaps, which the drafters

of CALEA specfically and clearly rejected. This "mulitipoint wiretap"

temporarily, including the phones of neighbors, or public payphones, 

court authorization.  Additionally, the new language redefines, in 

a wiretap order. As with the poor definitions in several recent terrorism 

bills, this change creates a severe risk of wiretap-centered investigations

of citizens for their political opinions rather than for real crimes.

Timing: It is uncertain when these bills will pass, but Congress must 

of Congress may pass the bill, with or without wiretapping provisions, 

today, and both houses may pass it by Monday.  Differences between the 

versions will be resolved rapidly in joint conference committee, either 

this weekend or early next week, and the final version passed in a 

flurry. The CALEA and related provisions have to be stripped *NOW*.

Note for non-US citizens: If you, too, wish to take some action on this 

alert, if may be of value to do two things: Contact US Congressional 

leaders and express concern that the Administration's "wiretap everyone" 

CALEA agenda sets a horrible example for the rest of the world.  And, 

contact your own country's diplomatic corps, and ask them to pressure 

the Clinton Administration to back down on this issue and give it the public 

airing it requires. Please also be aware that the Clinton Administration 

s pushing the ITU to adopt international standards that would introduce

CALEA-style wiretapping around the world.  Your own parliamentarians 

need to hear your opposition to the introduction of CALEA "clones" in 

your country.

ACT TODAY!

------------------------------

Subject: ACLU, EF-Georgia, EFF, et al., Challenge GA "Net Police" Law

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Joint News Release:

AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION 

ELECTRONIC FRONTIER FOUNDATION

ELECTRONIC FRONTIERS GEORGIA

REP. MITCHELL KAYE

Groups Challenge Georgia Law 

Restricting Free Speech in Cyberspace

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

September 24, 1996

     Contacts:

          Teresa Nelson, ACLU of Georgia,  404-523-6201

          Shari Steele, Electronic Frontier Foundation 301-375-8856

          Robert Costner, EFGA, 770-512-8746

          Mitchell Kaye, 770-998-2399

          Emily Whitfield, Nat'l ACLU, 212-944-9800 

ATLANTA--The American Civil Liberties Union, Electronic Frontiers

Georgia, EFF, Georgia State Representative Mitchell Kaye and others today

filed  a lawsuit seeking a preliminary injunction against a Georgia

At a news conference here, the groups said that the law is

unconstitutionally vague and overbroad because it bars online users from

using pseudonyms or communicating anonymously over the Internet.  The

Act also unconstitutionally restricts the use of links on the World Wide

Web, which allow users to connect to other sites.

"Fundamental civil liberties are as important in cyberspace as they are

n traditional contexts," said Ann Beeson, an ACLU national staff

attorney specializing in cyber-rights.  "The right to speak and publish

using a virtual 'nom de plume' has its roots in a long tradition dating

back to the very founding of democracy in this country."

The lawsuit is the first such challenge to state cybercensorship laws,

the ACLU said.  The ACLU said it has been monitoring state regulation of

the Internet and that currently,  over 20 states have considered such

laws.

"This is the first challenge that we know of to a state statute that has

tried to regulate national -- indeed, international -- communications,"

country to comply with  one state's law.  If fifty states pass fifty

contradictory laws, Internet users will be virtually paralyzed for fear

of violating one or more of those laws."

The complaint includes the assertion that the Commerce Clause of the

United States Constitution bars state regulation of the Internet because

t is an interstate communications medium.

The suit was filed in U.S. Northern District Court of Georgia Federal

Court, challenging the state law on behalf of 14 plaintiffs (note: see

attached for a list of plaintiffs).  The lawsuit names Governor Zell

Miller and state Attorney General Michael Bowers as defendants.

The Act was passed by the Georgia General Assembly and became effective

on July 1 of this year.    The law provides criminal sanctions of up to

Two of the plaintiffs, Electronic Frontiers Georgia and Georgia State

Representative  Mitchell Kaye (R-Marietta), lobbied against the law

before its passage, and solicited help from the ACLU and others to mount

a legal challenge after it was enacted.

Electronic Frontiers Georgia (EFGA), a  Georgia-based cyber-liberties

organization, said that the group had supported a letter written by the

co-counsel in the case to state Attorney General Michael Bowers asking

"It's clear that no one would want to pass a law that says what this law

s illegal in Georgia and therefore throughout the Internet," said

Robert Costner of EFGA.

Rep. Kaye said he became involved in the battle against the law when

members of the House attacked him for maintaining a private website that

they said might be mistaken for the "official" website of the Georgia

House of Representatives.  The website is maintained by the Conservative

official government site.

"House leaders felt threatened that their voting records were being

flattering," said Rep. Kaye, a member of the Conservative Policy Caucus.

 "Sunshine is the best government disinfectant, and freedom of speech is

a not a partisan issue."

Teresa Nelson, executive director of the ACLU of Georgia, said that ACLU

"These concerns were addressed in the letter to Attorney General Michael

Bowers, requesting a very narrow interpretation of the law. 

Unfortunately, he chose to ignore our request and we have been forced to

litigate to protect confidentiality on the Internet."

The national ACLU, serving as co-counsel in the Georgia case, is also a

litigant in ACLU v. Reno, its challenge to Internet censorship

the highest protection from governmental intrusion."    The government

Supreme Court.

The Complaint

According to the complaint, the law makes it a crime to use a name that

"falsely identifies" a speaker on the Internet, without distinguishing

"In some cases, anonymity is a necessary security measure," said ACLU

attorney Beeson.  "The personal safety of human rights dissidents,

could not communicate anonymously."

Use of pseudonyms or anonymous identities also eliminates the potential

for discrimination and harassment according to gender or ethnicity,

Beeson said, and allows users to access controversial, embarrassing, or

n some cases an online "handle" or  pseudonym is assigned automatically

by a commercial online service such as Prodigy or Compuserve.

The complaint also states that the law may prohibit web links by making

t a crime to publish information "using"  trade names, logos or other

According to Robert Costner of Electronic Frontiers Georgia, many

The EFGA site, he noted, provides a link to the BellSouth web page to

assist other Internet users in contacting BellSouth about a recent rate

ncrease request for ISDN telephone service.   Given the new

technological context of the Internet and unique "linking" feature of

advisory over the Internet could now be illegal in Georgia.

The Plaintiffs

The 14 plaintiffs and organizations named in the suit all expressed

concern that the law would prohibit them -- at risk of jail or fines --

from using pseudonyms to protect their privacy, communicate sensitive

nformation and defend themselves against harassment if their identities

For instance, the Atlanta Veterans Alliance, a Georgia-based

organization for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered veterans, said

the law would risk disclosure of the identity of AVA members who remain

n active military service.  Such disclosure would likely end their

military careers.

Another plaintiff, Josh Riley, an Atlanta-based realtor, operates two

often using corporate logos and trademarks without specific permission. 

His award-winning web page, www.blackbaseball.com, contains information

on the Negro Baseball Leagues, including links to a site on an HBO movie

"Soul of the Game."

Mr. Riley said he believes it would be impossible as a practical matter

to obtain permission for every link in his site, even though he is

confident that all of the companies and organizations would give

Certain plaintiffs also expressed concern that loss of anonymity would

Service Provider, specializes in providing the highest level of privacy

to online users.  The group recently developed a service known as the

Anonymizer, which enables any Internet user to browse and retrieve

Sameer Parekh, President of Community ConneXion, said that organizations

and individuals around the world use their services to protect them from

oppressive governments, invasive marketing databases and harassment

online. He said the Georgia law may force the group to choose between

Lawyers representing the 14 plaintiffs are: J. Scott McClain (as

volunteer attorney) of the Atlanta firm of  Bondurant, Mixson and

Elmore; Ann Beeson and Christopher Hansen of the national American Civil

Liberties Union; and Gerald Weber, staff attorney with the ACLU of

Georgia.

Note to Editors: For more information on ACLU of Georgia et al. v.

Miller et al., visit these online sites: EFGA - http://www.efga.org.

(EFGA will be providing RealAudio of the news conference.) ACLU -

To stay informed on this and other issues, send email to

majordomo@ninja.techwood.org with the message body of:

'subscribe efg-announce' (without the 'quotes'.)

RealAudio cybercast of the Sept. 24 EFGA/ACLU press conference in Atlanta 

about the case is available at http://www.efga.org/realaudio/hb1630.htm 

------------------------------

Subject: ASEAN Nations' Net Censorship Pact Criticized

------------------------------------------------------

On Sept. 4, 1996, the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) member 

countries (Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, 

Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) stated an agreement to collaborate on 

following letter to the ASEAN secretariat in Jakarta, Indonesia to 

convey their concerns about this development. Similar letters sent by 

the same organizations were also sent to the ASEAN members.

  *****

September 13, 1996

We, the undersigned organizations, are writing to express our deep

concern about the decision announced on September 4 by ASEAN member

nations to collectively regulate communication on the Internet. The

agreement was announced in Singapore, at the close of a meeting of

officials from ASEAN member nations that was organized by the Singapore

Broadcasting Authority.

We would like to respectfully remind the ASEAN nations that

content-based restrictions on online communication violate

nternationally guaranteed rights of free expression. As stated in

Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

 Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression: this right

 includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek,

 receive and impart information and ideas through any media and

 regardless of frontiers.

The agreement did not include the adoption of a common regulatory

framework by ASEAN member nations. However, we are concerned that a

number of delegates to the meeting reportedly expressed support for

Singapore's recently established Internet Code of Practice. Human Rights

Watch/Asia has written to the Singaporean government to oppose these new

censorship of at least one newsgroup message. They will surely induce a

chill on on-line speech in Singapore, and, as evidenced by the ASEAN

a concern for preserving cultural values. While we recognize the

mportance of representation for all cultures on the Internet, we oppose

censorship as a means of ensuring respect for cultural norms. We believe

that the most effective means of responding to offensive content is by

t from the Internet; it will simply cause it to be reproduced on

additional Internet sites.

We believe that the lack of agreement on a common regulatory strategy by

ASEAN member nations demonstrates the futility of attempts by nations or

the ASEAN group itself, the cultural values of Vietnam, for example,

unlikely that the diverse group of ASEAN nations will reach an agreement

on the specifics of what should be censored, and how that censorship

medium, moves to restrict online content will initiate battles for

competing cultural values on an international scale.

communication will detract from the many benefits that electronic

communication is bringing to the region. We hope that the ASEAN nations

opportunities that the Internet can provide to the citizens of the

Human Rights Watch/Asia 

CITADEL-Electronic Frontier France (http://www.imaginet.fr/~mose/citadel) 

Les Chroniques de Cyberie, Canada (http://www.cyberie.qc.ca/chronik/) 

Electronic Privacy Information Center, USA (http://www.epic.org) 

American Civil Liberties Union, USA (http://www.epic.org) 

cyberPOLIS, USA (http://www.cyberpolis.org/cyberPOLIS/) 

Electronic Frontier Foundation, USA (http://www.eff.org)

 ALCEI-Electronic Frontiers Italy (http://www.nexus.it/alcei) 

Association des Utilisateurs d'Internet (AUI), France (http://www.aui.fr) 

Fronteras Electronicas Espana (FrEE)--Electronic Frontiers Spain

   (http://www.lander.es/~jlmartin/)

EFF-Austin (http://www.eff-austin.org)

Digital Citizens Foundation Netherlands--DBNL (http://www.xs4all.nl/~db.nl)

  *****

Full text of all HRW letters to ASEAN (including introductory remarks, 

and customized versions of the statement for each country) available at:

------------------------------

Subject: ALERT: Push for Online Access to Congressional Documents

-----------------------------------------------------------------

[This is a Congressional Accountability Project (CAP) alert, endorsed by EFF.

EFF, CAP and Taxpayer Assets Project among others have been working on 

the issue of online public access to the REAL Congressional Documents for 

vital records, but is being gutted.  Aside from the legislation, which

could establish access to these records in statute, Rep. Bill Thomas as 

chairman of the House Oversight Committee has the political power to 

open these documents to the online public aside from any legislation.

them to reconsider their opposition to this pro-democracy change.

A list of members of this committee can be found at:

 http://www.eff.org/pub/Activism/Congress_contact/Congress_cmtes/hways.txt

and a list of House members phone and fax numbers resides at:

 http://www.eff.org/pub/Activism/Congress_contact/house95.list

We may not win it all this year, but there's always next time, and 

n the long run.]

     Sources indicate that the House Oversight Committee may soon

act on a measure to improve online access to Congressional

apparently subject to behind-closed-door negotiations between

House Speaker Newt Gingrich (R-GA) and key members of the House

Oversight Committee.  Citizen pressure on two key House Oversight

Committee members -- Reps. Bill Thomas (R-CA) and Vic Fazio (D-CA) 

-- is badly needed at this time.

     Currently, many important Congressional documents are not

available via the Internet, including committee prints of bills,

Congressional hearing records, texts of legislative amendments,

and Congressional Research Service reports.  This information

lock-out places ordinary citizens at a great disadvantage in most

Washington legislative battles, because most citizens do not have

     Congress is expected to declare final adjournment in early 

October.

     The next three days are very important.  Please call or fax

the Chairman of the House Oversight Committee, Rep. Bill Thomas,

and the Ranking Minority Member, Rep. Vic Fazio, urging them to

  *    Committee prints and discussion drafts of bills and

       Chairman's Marks

  *    Verbatim transcripts (both corrected and uncorrected)

       from House Hearings

  *    Prepared testimonies to House committees

  *    Voting records of Representatives

  *    Texts of legislative amendments

  *    Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue

       Briefs

  *    Committee reports

  *    Transcripts (both corrected and uncorrected) of House

       committee mark-ups

  *    Federal Election Commission (FEC) reports

  *    Lobbyist Disclosure reports

  *    House Financial Disclosure reports

  *    Statements of Disbursements of the House

     Following is contact information for Reps. Thomas and Fazio:

Rep. Bill Thomas:

Fax: (202) 225-2908

Rep. Vic Fazio:

Fax: (202) 225-5141

     For background on the issue of online access to Congressional

 http://www.eff.org/pub/Activism/960924_cap_house_docs_online.letter

------------------------------

Subject: NewsNybbles

--------------------

* FTC Calls for Privacy Legislation in Wake of P-Trak Controversy

Earlier this year the Lexis-Nexis online legal data service released a 

number of American's names, current and previous addresses, phone numbers 

(many unlisted, according to some who've looked themselves up in the 

visibiilty in the database, known as P-Trak, only a few days after the 

the US Federal Trade Commission recommended on Sept. 20 that Congress 

credit records, including "any identifying information other than the 

consumer's name, generational designation, current address and telephone 

number."  

While consumer advocacy organizations, including the Center for Democracy 

and Technology, and Taxpayer Assets Project, consider such an amendment 

at least a good first step to improving US privacy problems, the current 

legislative efforts to amend the FCRA have been dominated by credit and 

other industry lobbying, which has bent the bills decidely toward the 

anti-privacy side.  It remains to be seen if the new, sudden upsurge in 

the ship.  

US readers: Contacting your own legislators about your concerns is to say 

the least a good idea.  Tell them you want the FCRA to be amended to 

*improve* American privacy, not throw out the window what little of it 

s left. If this issue is not resolved in the current legislative session

t is sure to be back in 1997, so be prepared to make your voice heard

again, soon.  See the "What YOU Can Do" section of this newsletter for 

nformation on how to identify and contact your legislators.

Text of FTC recommendations and other related documents available from 

the CDT web site at http://www.cdt.org/privacy/960920_Lexis.html

[Sources: misc. offline news reports, CDT & TAP statements, Fight-Censorship 

Digest, RISKS, et al.]

* Bernstein Hearing Held - ITAR Constitutionality Challenged

Sept. 20, the San Francisco federal district court of Judge Marilyn Hall 

McGlashan & Sarrail, and US Govt. attorney Anthony Coppolino. The 

Bernstein case, filed by mathematician Daniel J. Bernstein with backing 

from EFF and pro bono legal representation from McGlashan & Sarrail, 

centered on motions for summary judgement made by both sides. Bernstein's 

motion claims that this law and regulation are unconstitutional on their 

face (the logical extension of the court's earlier ruling that source 

code is protected expression for First Amendment purposes). 

C|Net summary of the hearing:

 http://www.news.com/News/Item/0,4,3708,00.html

Transcripts will be provided under

 http://www.eff.org/pub/Legal/Cases/Bernstein_v_DoS/Legal 

* "Clipper III" On the Move

key "escrow" scheme - in which all user's encryption keys would be held 

by third parties for the convenience of police and intelligence agencies -

for approval. The new proposal, dubbed "Clipper III" by its opponents would

export of encryption products with any significant privacy protection 

features, and adding the Dept. of Justice to the list of governing bodies 

able to reject export requests. It is expected that the proposal will be 

made public at the Organization fo Economic Cooperation & Development 

(OECD) conference in Paris, Sept. 26-27 (with restricting public access to 

encryption being a hot item on the OECD agenda).

A coalition of online civil liberties organizations, including EFF, EPIC, 

ACLU, Privacy International, and many US local and non-US "Electronic 

Frontiers" organizations, submitted a resolution to the OECD, as a kind 

of pre-emptive strike, urging OECD to base its crypto polices on "the 

fundamental right of citizens to engage in private communication", to 

attention to public concerns about privacy and invasion thereof.

Full text of this resolution available at:

The results of a journalist's (anonymized) interviews with OECD delegates

s available at:

[Source: HotWired, Fight-Censorship Digest, C|Net, etc.]

* TIA Tells FBI "No" on National Cell Phone Surveillance Network

Last week, the Telecommunications Industry Association, a telephony

celluar phone network into a surveillance and tracking system of

unprecendented reach. The plan even included enabling police to track the

location of someone carrying a cell phone that was simply turned on but not

making a call!

EFF joins the Center for Democracy & Technology in condeming the

Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA, orginally known as the Digital

Telphony Bill) authorized $500mil. to alter digital telphone technology

to preserve a status quo (namely, law enforcement ability to conduct

court-authorized wiretaps).  The rejected FBI proposal went far beyond

the authority granted by this statute.

TIA's rejection of the demands is certainly a victory for privacy, but

the FBI doesn't stay down for long. Please see the action alert leading 

this issue of EFFector.

* House Crypto Hearing Held

The US House Judiciary Committee held a hearing on crypto export and key 

"escrow", Sept. 25, 1996. Intial word is that little new material was 

broached, with the Adminstration retreating to its tired arguments that 

t must have key "escrow" (lately renamed "key recovery") and export

control to maintain law enforcement and intelligence abilities in the 

"there is no real foreign availability" of encryption. However, the 

Administration has finally lets slip that its "voluntary" key recovery 

criticized for attempting to amend the Omnibus Export Administration Act

n privacy-unfriendly ways.

CDT, who had staffers physically present at the hearing, will issue a 

more detailed summary Sept. 26 (or 27 at the latest), at:

[source: CDT, Fight-Censorship Digest]

* AOL Spam Filter Injunction Lifted

America Online, recently slapped with an injunction preventing it from 

filtering out mass email advertising directed at AOL customers has 

obtained a successful appeal to the injunction, but has yet to determine 

* Update on anon.penet.fi

Johan "Julf" Helsingius, operator of the anon.penet.fi pseudonymous 

against a preliminary court ruling that his service had to reveal the 

Helsingius' appeal of the initial ruling.

Helsingius plans to challenge the court's ruling that email has no 

law in other media), and is negotiating with EFF to set up a legal 

after the Church of Scientology anti-privacy ruling, wants Finnish police 

to seize another Penet user ID - someone accused of making comments 

critical of a Singaporean government official (illegal in that ASEAN nation).

 http://www.eff.org/pub/Privacy/Anonymity/960923_penet_injunction.announce

For more information, see:

 http://www.penet.fi

* EFF's Barlow v. CDA-pusher Taylor on Wired's "Brain Tennis"

Beginning Monday, September 23, EFF co-founder John Perry Barlow will begin 

Brain Tennis forum, over government's supposed right to censor the Net, 

and whether such efforts would work anyway. The debate will last a week and a

Check out the debate at Brain Tennis:

 http://hotwired.com/braintennis/96/39/index0a.html

* SF Internet Demo (Volunteers Needed)

Calling all Netizens and Web Surfers!

             * Please repost where appropriate *

Volunteers are needed to staff a storefront Internet demonstration.  This is

an opportunity to show off your Internet surfing skills, share your favorite

Web sites and help introduce San Francisco to cyberspace.

Who:		

Coordinated by NetAction, and co-sponsored by:

Berkeley Mac Users Group (BMUG)

Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)

HotWired

Media Alliance

Upside Magazine

Yahoo

What:

Volunteers are needed to staff the demonstration.  Volunteers must be willing

to work a minimum of two hours and must be familiar with Mac or PC computers

and Netscape web browser software.

The demonstration will be set up in a storefront display kiosk at Opera Plaza,

next to Max's Opera Cafe on Van Ness Avenue.  Donated Mac and PC computers

the World Wide Web.		

When:		

Monday, September 30 through Saturday, Oct. 5, 1996, from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.

Where:	

Opera Plaza, 601 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco  

(Between Golden Gate and Turk in the Civic Center)

Why:

To show people who are not yet familiar with the Internet how the technology

Wide Web.  The demonstration will use computers and software that consumers

How:		

Volunteers should contact Audrie Krause at NetAction. 

E-mail:         akrause@igc.org

 http://www.eff.org/pub/Activism/960923_sf_netdemo.announce

* European Commission Calls for Internet "V-Chip" and Anti-Freedom Crypto

Oreja has suggested that Internet access be cryptographically limited so 

that only those who pay for access to a particular site can reach it, and 

for the government-forced implementation of an online analogue of the 

V-Chip, to screen out "pornographic" content. The Oreja proposal stems from

call for a clamp-down on online pornography stemming from a recent Beligian

child pornography & murder tragedy (which as usual had little or nothing 

to do with the Internet). The announcement comes just in time for a 

European Union meetings in Dublin and Galway, Ireland, at which figuring 

out how to censor the Internet is expected to be a "central theme" 

according to a Reuter's report.

Oreja admits that implementation of such a proposal would take time, but 

s calling for global-level agreements to censor the Internet.  Our

European readers may wish to make their views on this known to the EC.

To Oreja's credit, he also acknowledged that an online industry code of 

ethics might be an alternative solution.

A question is begged, however: Do censorship-minded regulators and 

they grandstand in reponse to a specific horrific event, such as offline 

child abuse in a particular jurisdiction, and generalize this into a call 

for global censorship of all sexually explict material? Apparently they

Reuter newswire has covered the simultaneously ridiculous and troubling 

Net censorship proposal, at:

 http://www.merc.com/stories/cgi/story.cgi?id=178562-80c

* Net Censorship in India - Update

Netday reports that India's national commercial Internet access provider, 

VSNL, plans to block access to sites containing "undesirable" 

nformation, or that advertise services that are illegal in India, such

as Internet voice telephony (a particular thorn in VSNL's side, since it 

claims to lose revenue from voice-on-the-Net applications. Does "conflict 

of interest" ring a bell with VSNL?  Apparently not.

Netday report on this and other interesting topics:

 http://netday.iworld.com/business/NATW.html

* Net Censorship in China - Update

The Chinese government rather unbelievably and melodramatically claims to 

be "shocked" that a Chinese student used a BBS for political speech 

(namely protesting Japanese actions regarding some disputed East Asian 

slands). Why China would be particularly concerned with someone

criticizing Japan is unclear, but what is very clear is that Beijing has 

ordered at least one university network (at Qinghua U.) to be monitored, 

and for "offensive" messages coming from users there to be deleted - 

ncluding anything outside "eduation and research" purposes.  Over a week

before, the Beijing U. BBS was shut down completely.

Now that national-level Internet filters are in place in the People's 

Republic, limits on the number of new Internet accounts have been lifted.

A Chinese telecom official, Zhang Weihua, claims that the material their 

filters block is "material restricted all over the world", but other 

evidence begs to differ, and suggests instead that the government is 

organizations, dissident exiles, and major Western news corporations, as 

See Netday for more information, at:

 http://netday.iworld.com/business/NATW.html

[Source: Netday, Reuter.]

* Net Censorship in Sinapore - Update

As of Sept. 25, a Singaporean court has fined a man, Lai Chee Chuen, the 

equivalent of about US$44,000 for downloading online pornography (61 counts) 

and for having a sexually explict magazine (1 count, for owning an issue 

of Penthouse).  Lai's arrest followed a tip from Interpol, investigating 

online exchange of pornography on the global Internet. This is the first 

South Africa, Hong Kong, Canada, Germany & the UK, according to a 

Singaporean newspaper, the Straits Times.  Interestingly, the fine for 

[Source UPI & Reuter newswires.]

* 2nd System-Cracker Strike Against US Govt. Web Pages

Following the replacement of the Dept. of Justice front web page with a 

new version claiming to be the homepage of the "Deptartment of Injustice" 

last month, crackers last week replaced the Central Intelligence 

Ageny welcome page with a "Central Stupidity Agency" satire, filled with 

cases the fake web pages were removed, though http://www.cia.gov remains 

One hopes that such events will increase governmental awareness of the 

value and importance of Internet security, including encryption, though 

------------------------------

Upcoming Events

---------------

This schedule lists EFF events, and those we feel might be of interest to

our members.  EFF events (those sponsored by us or featuring an EFF speaker)

are marked with a "*" instead of a "-" after the date.  Simlarly, government

events (such as deadlines for comments on reports or testimony submission,

or conferences at which government representatives are speaking) are marked

ndicates a non-USA event.  If it's a foreign EFF event with govt. people,

t'll be "*!+" instead of "-".  You get the idea.

The latest version of the full EFF calendar is available from:

ftp: ftp.eff.org, /pub/EFF/calendar.eff

See also our new Now-Up-to-Date HTML calendar at:

----

Sep. 27 * American Bar Association Forum on Communications Law; EFF Staff 

	- Counsel Shari Steele will speak on issues of trademark online, 

	  including the recent Georgia law which has greatly chilled free 

	  speech online; New York City.

	  American Bar Association

	  740 15th St., NW

	  Washington, DC 20061-0001

	  Phone: (202) 331-2200

Oct. 3 -  EXL: Executive Lecture Series - "Marketing in Cyberspace"

	  Walter A. Hass School of Business, UC-Berkeley, C330 Cheit Hall, 

	  11:15 AM - 12:30 PM; Speaker: Ed Callan, Senior Product Manager of 

	  Consumer Markets, Pacific Bell Internet

	  URL: http://haas.berkeley.edu/~citm

Oct. 8-

     11 - EDUCOM '96; Philadelphia, PA

          Contact: +1 202 872 4200 (voice)

          Email: conf@educom.edu

Oct. 10 * EXL: Executive Lecture Series - "Cyberlaw Issues"

	  Walter A. Hass School of Business, UC-Berkeley, C330 Cheit Hall, 

	  11:15 AM - 12:30 PM; Speaker: Lori Fena, Executive Director, 

	  Electronic Frontier Foundation

	  http://haas.berkeley.edu/~citm

Oct. 11 * American Bar Association Forum on Communications Law; EFF Staff 

	- Counsel Shari Steele will speak on issues of trademark online, 

	  including the recent Georgia law which has greatly chilled free 

	  speech online; San Francisco

	  American Bar Association

	  740 15th St., NW

	  Washington, DC 20061-0001

	  Phone: (202) 331-2200

Oct. 12-

     13 - Supreme Law Seminars - Freedom Law and Internet Technology: 

	  The Full Faith and Credit Clause; Holiday Inn Palo Verde in 

	  Tucson, Arizona; focus of the seminar  will be  the  constitutional  

	  law  of  freedom,  and available Internet  technologies for 

	  teaching and  learning this law, and making freedom a reality.

	  Richard McDonald of Canoga  Park, California will be the featured 

	  guest speaker; Advanced tickets  are available by sending  $100 in 

	  cash or blank U.S. Postal Money order to  Paul Andrew Mitchell, 

	  Supreme Law Seminars,  c/o 2509  North Campbell,  Apartment 1776, 

	  Tucson, Arizona. For more info, Email to:

	  Paul Andrew Mitchell 

Oct. 16-

     17 - Internet Expo; Hynes Convention Center, Boston, MA; 

	  featuring the Web World and EMail World Expositions;

	  sponsored by DCI

	  email: ExpoReg@dciexpo.com

	  URL: http://www.DCIexpo.com

Oct. 16-

     19 - Web Net-96: World Conference of The Web Society, organized by 

	  the Association of Computing in Education; San Francisco, CA. 

 	  Contact: +1 804 973 3987

	  Email: AACE@virginia.edu

	  URL: http://aace.virginia.edu/ace

	  Fax: +1 804 978 7449	

Oct. 19-

     20 - Computer Professionals for Social Reponsibility (CPSR) -  

	  Two-day conference at Georgetwon University (Washington, D.C., 

	  USA) will investigate the role of computers in political 

	  activism, election processes, and rights of access to information. 

	  Invited keynote speaker is Ralph Nader. More info contact CPSR:

       	  tel: 415-322-3778, 703-739-9320

	  email: cpsrannmtg@cpsr.org

	  Internet: http://www.cpsr.org/home.html

Oct. 19-

     24 - ASIS 1996 Annual Meeting - Global Complexity: Information, Chaos 

	  and Control; meeting will consider the complexity of the working 

	  world of information professionals as well as theoretical 

	  perspectives involving the nature and use of information; 

	  Baltimore, Maryland, USA; more information, registration...

	  see http://www.asis.org under Conferences

Oct. 23 + International Bar Association's Media Law Seminar - Berlin;

	  Seminar discussion of Internet freedom of expression issues; 

	  part of IBA annual conference drawing 4,000+ lawyers from all 

	  acround the globe.

Oct. 29-

     30 ! "The First 100 Feet: Options for Internet and Broadband 

	- Access," sponsored by the Freedom Forum, the Harvard Information 

	  Infrastructure Project, the National Economic Council, and the U.S.

	  Dept. of Energy; The Freedom Forum Building, Arlington, Va.; 

	  submission deadline: June 20

	  Contact: Tim Leshan, Coordinator, Information Infrastructure 

	  Project, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 79 JFK

	  St., Cambridge, MA 02138

	  Phone: +1 617 496 1389

	  Fax: +1 617 495 5776

	  Email: leshan@ksgrsch.harvard.edu

	  URL: http://ksgwww.harvard.edu/iip/first.html

Oct. 29 - EXL: Executive Lecture Series - "Knowledge Management for the 

	  Enterprise: Delivering Business Value from an Intranet"

	  Walter A. Hass School of Business, UC-Berkeley,

	  C330 Cheit Hall, 11:15 AM - 12:30 PM; Speaker: Dr. Lougie Anderson, 

	  Director of Engineering, Internet Technologies Group, Sequent 

	  Computer Systems, Inc.

	  http://haas.berkeley.edu/~citm

Oct. 29 - ETS: Emerging Technology Showcase - "Targeted Information Delivery"

	  Walter A. Hass School of Business, UC-Berkeley, C330 Cheit Hall,  

	  2 PM - 3:30 PM; Speaker: Kevin Brown, Director of Marketing, Inktomi

	  http://haas.berkeley.edu/~citm

Oct. 29 - EXL: Executive Lecture Series - "The Internet and Non Profit 

	  Organizations"; Speaker: Audrie Krause, Founder, NetAction

	  Walter A. Hass School of Business, UC-Berkeley, C330 Cheit Hall,  

	  6 PM - 7:30 PM 

	  http://haas.berkeley.edu/~citm

Nov. 5  - ETS: Emerging Technology Seminar - "Electronic Commerce at APL -- 

	  Industry Challenges"; Speaker: Diane Silver, Vice President for 

	  Information Strategy American President Lines; Walter A. Hass School 

	  of Business, UC-Berkeley >C230 Cheit Hall, 2 PM - 3:30 PM

	  http://haas.berkeley.edu/~citm

Nov. 6-

     8 + ETHICOMP96: Ethical Issues of Information Technology; Universidad

         Pontificia de Salamanca - Madrid, Spain; seeks to provide practical

         guidance on socially and ethically sensitive applications of IT --

         the social benefits and drawbacks of using IT; will include the

         presentation of case studies which raise or illustrate significant

         ethical problems of IT usage (1) in the workplace, (2) in education,

         (3) at home and (4) in leisure.  Nov. 6-8, 1996

         For further general information contact:

         Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility

         School of Computing Sciences

         De Montfort University

         The Gateway

         Leicester

         LE1 9BH UK

         Telephone: +44 116 257 7475

         Fax +44 116 254 1891

         E-mail: ccsr@dmu.ac.uk

Nov. 13-

     15 - Fourth Biennial Participatory Design Conference, sponsored by 

	  Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility; Cambridge, MA.

	  Submission deadline: May 3.

	  Email: pdc96@ncat.edu

	  URL: http://www.cpsr.org/cpsr/conferences/pdc96/pdc96.html

Nov. 15-

     22 + Communication and the Empowerment of Civil Society in Africa, 

	  10th Biennial Conference; Cape Town, South Africa.

	  Contact:

	  Tel. 25~2-216135 /227043

	  Fax:25~2-216135/750329/229168

	  Email: acceb@arcc.permanet.org

	  URL: http://www.ru.ac.za/departments/journ/civil.html

Nov. 18-

     22 - COMDEX Fall'96 Conference; over 2000 exhibitors and a host of 

	  speakers address today's most important business and technology 

	  issues; Las Vegas, NV USA

	  URL: http://www.comdex.com

Dec. 1  - Computer Security Day (started by Washington DC chapter of the

          Assoc. for Computing Machinery, to "draw attention to computer

          security during the holdiay season when it might otherwise become

          lax."

Dec. 5-

     8  + Tel*Ed/Multimedia '96, "a conference where communication 

	  technology is used to create learning experiences for the 

	  participants...where participants show, not tell, how 

	  telecommunication can bridge distances"; Tampa, FL and 

	  Monterrey, Mexico.	   

	  Email: mriel@iearn.org	   

	  URL: http://isteonline.uoregon.edu

----

Jan. 23-

     25 - "The Economics of Digital Information and Intellectual 

	  Property", sponsored by The Information Infrastructure Project;

	  Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Deadline for abstracts: Oct. 

	  15, 1996.

	  Email: iip@harvard.edu

	  Contact: Tim Leshan, +1 617 496 1389

	  Fax: +1 617 495 5776

Jan. 28-

     31 - RSA Cryptography Conference - Computerworld called last year's 

	  event the sine qua non event of the crypto community; at various 

	  facilities atop Nob Hill in San Francisco, the luminaries of 

	  cryptography will gather; Right now, preparations for this 

	  conference are underway. There are many exciting ways for 

	  corporations and individuals to participate. Read on for 

	  information about presenting, exhibiting, or just attending

	  http://www.rsa.com/conf97/

Feb. 10-

     11 - Internet Society Symposium on Network and Distributed System 

	  Security; for those interested in the practical aspects of network 

	  and distributed system security, focusing on actual system design 

	  and implementation, rather than theory. Dates, final call for

          papers, advance program, and registration information will be

	  available at the URL: http://www.isoc.org/conferences/ndss97

------------------------------

Subject: Quote of the Day

-------------------------

 "The natural progress of things is for liberty to yield and government to

  - Thomas Jefferson

Find yourself wondering if your privacy and freedom of speech are safe 

the rush to make us secure from ourselves that our government 

Concerned that legislative efforts nominally to "protect children" will 

actually censor all communications down to only content suitable for 

the playground?  Alarmed by commercial and religious organizations abusing

the judicial and legislative processes to stifle satire, dissent and 

criticism?

Join EFF!   

Even if you don't live in the U.S., the anti-Internet hysteria will soon 

be visiting a legislative body near you.  If it hasn't already.

------------------------------

Subject: What YOU Can Do

------------------------

* Digital Telephony/Comms. Assistance to Law Enforcement Act

The FBI has been seeking both funding for the DT/CALEA wiretapping 

To oppose the funding, write to your own Senators and Representatives 

urging them to vote against any appropriations or slush funds for 

or authority.

executive branches, are hot to pass new wiretapping laws, and fund the 

DT/CALEA wiretapping provisions.  SPEAK OUT NOW. There is not a moment to 

lose! See lead article in this issue for more information.

See http://www.eff.org/pub/Privacy/Digital_Telephony_FBI/ for background 

nfo.

* New Crypto-Privacy Legislation

Urge your Represenatitives to support the Pro-CODE crypto export bill.

For years US export controls on encryption have hampered the development

of secure communications online. This technology is vital for online 

commerce, for national security, and for YOUR electronic privacy.

The new Pro-CODE legislation will go a long way to rectifying the situation.

Join in the Golden Key Campaign - see http://www.eff.org/goldkey.html

See also:

 http://www.eff.org/pub/Privacy/

 http://www.privacy.org/ipc/

 http://www.crypto.com/

for more info.

* The Communications Decency Act & Other Censorship Legislation

The Communications Decency Act and similar legislation pose serious 

threats to freedom of expression online, and to the livelihoods of system 

operators.  The legislation also undermines several crucial privacy 

Business/industry persons concerned should alert their corporate govt.

affairs office and/or legal counsel.  Everyone should write to their own

Representatives and Senators, letting them know that such abuses of 

your free speech rights will be voted against by you in the next elections.

Join in the Blue Ribbon Campaign - see http://www.eff.org/blueribbon.html

Support the EFF Cyberspace Legal Defense Fund:

for information to ask@eff.org.

censorious legislation is turning up at the US state and non-US 

national levels.  Don't let it sneak by you - or by the online activism 

community. Without locals on the look out, it's very difficult for the 

Net civil liberties community to keep track of what's happening locally 

as well as globally.

* Find Out Who Your Congresspersons Are

Writing letters to, faxing, and phoning your representatives in Congress

s one very important strategy of activism, and an essential way of

making sure YOUR voice is heard on vital issues.

EFF has lists of the Senate and House with contact information, as well

as lists of Congressional committees. These lists are available at: 

ftp.eff.org, /pub/Activism/Congress_cmtes/

The full Senate and House lists are senate.list and hr.list, respectively.

Those not in the U.S. should seek out similar information about their

own legislative bodies.  EFF will be happy to archive any such

nformation provided to us, so pass it on!

try contacting your local League of Women Voters, who maintain a great 

that matches Zip Codes to Congressional districts with about 85%

accuracy at:

Computer Currents Interactive has provided Congress contact info, sorted 

by who voted for and against the Communcations Decency Act:

* Join EFF!

You *know* privacy, freedom of speech and ability to make your voice heard

n government are important. You have probably participated in our online

campaigns and forums.  Have you become a member of EFF yet?  The best way to

opinions heard.  EFF members are informed and are making a difference.  Join

EFF today!

For EFF membership info, send queries to membership@eff.org, or send any

message to info@eff.org for basic EFF info, and a membership form.

------------------------------

Administrivia

=============

EFFector Online is published by:

The Electronic Frontier Foundation

San Francisco CA 94103 USA

+1 415 436 9333 (voice)

+1 415 436 9993 (fax)

Membership & donations: membership@eff.org

Legal services: ssteele@eff.org

General EFF, legal, policy or online resources queries: ask@eff.org

Editor: Stanton McCandlish, Online Activist, Webmaster (mech@eff.org)

This newsletter is printed on 100% recycled electrons.

Reproduction of this publication in electronic media is encouraged.  Signed

articles do not necessarily represent the views of EFF.  To reproduce

ually at will.

To subscribe to EFFector via email, send message body of "subscribe

effector-online" (without the "quotes") to listserv@eff.org, which will add

you to a subscription list for EFFector.

Back issues are available at:

ftp.eff.org, /pub/EFF/Newsletters/EFFector/

To get the latest issue, send any message to effector-reflector@eff.org (or

er@eff.org), and it will be mailed to you automagically.  You can also get

the file "current" from the EFFector directory at the above sites at any 

time for a copy of the current issue.  HTML editions available at:

at EFFweb.  HTML editions of the current issue sometimes take a day or 

longer to prepare after issue of the ASCII text version.

------------------------------

End of EFFector Online v09 #13 Digest

*************************************

$$