April EFFector ONline THE CISLER St

############                        ##########       Volume 2 Number 7

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|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|                  EFFector

|                                          |                   ONline

|            THE CISLER REPORT:            |                         

|        Steve Cisler writes about         |               eff@eff.org

|    Computers, Freedom and Privacy II     |                         

|                                          |         155 Second Street

|               WHAT A DEAL!               |       Cambridge, MA 02141

|        EFF offers spiffy t-shirts        |            (617) 864-0665

|                                          |                         

|                                          |   666 Pennsylvania Ave.SE

|                                          |     Washington, DC  20003

|                                          |            (202) 544-9237

 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                          

              COMPUTERS, FREEDOM, AND PRIVACY-2: A REPORT

                    by Steve Cisler (sac@apple.com)

[The opinions and views expressed are those of the author, Steve Cisler,

and not necessarily those of  Apple Computer, Inc. Misquotes of people's

n electronic form or printing in whole or in part by non-profit

organizations or individuals. Transformations or mutations into 

musicals, docudramas, morality plays, or wacky sitcoms remain the right 

of the author. This file may be found on the Internet in ftp.apple.com 

n the alug directory.

                  -Steve Cisler, Apple Computer Library.

                        Internet address: sac@apple.com ]

      The Second Conference on Computers, Freedom, and Privacy, (March

Computing Machinery and thirteen co-sponsors including the American

Library Association and a wide variety of advocacy groups.

      The diversity of the attendees, the scope of the topics covered,

and the dynamism of the organized and informal sessions gave me a

nformation, and network issues. I can now view the narrower topics of

concern to me as a librarian in new ways. Because of that it was one of

the best conferences I have attended. But there's a danger of these

ssues being re-hashed each year with "the usual suspects" invited each

time to be panelists, so I urge you, the readers, to become involved and

bring your own experiences to the next conference in 1993 in the San

Francisco Bay Area.

++====================================================================++

                          Wednesday, March 18

      The day began with concurrent tutorials on the following topics:

      Getting on the Net (Mitchell Kapor, Electronic Frontier

Foundation);

      Making Information Law and Policy (Jane Bortnick, Congressional

Research Service);

      Communications and Network Evolution (Sergio Heker, JVNCNet),

      Private Sector Privacy (Jeff Smith, Georgetown University);

      Constitutional Law for Non-lawyers (Mike Godwin, EFF);      

Computer Crime (Don Ingraham, Alameda County (CA) District Attorney);

      Modern Telecommunications: Life After Humpty- Dumpty (Richard

Wolff, Bellcore);

      International Privacy Developments (David Flaherty, Univ. of

Western Ontario);

and the one I attended...

          Information Law and Policy: Jane Bortnick,

          Congressional Research Service (CRS)

      In Bortnick's tutorial, she covered the following points:

        1)Setting information policy is not a linear process, and it's

not clear how or when it is made because of many inputs to the process.

        2) Many policies sit on the shelf until a crisis, and the right

technology is either in place, or certain people grab it. 

        3)Events create renewed interest in information policy.

        4)Industry, academic, or non-governmental groups play an

mportant role by testifying before committees studying policy and by

lobbying.

        5)CRS is the institutional memory for Congress because of the

        6) The challenge is to develop policy that does not hinder or

lack of data. The idea is to keep things as open as possible throughout

the process.

      Bortnick said that the majority of laws governing information

added, and Congress is trying to identify fundamental principles, not

      Because of the economic factors impinging on the delivery of

nformation, members of Congress don't want to anger local cable, phone,

or newspaper firms. 

      To get sensible legislation in a rapidly changing environment you

making bad laws. Nevertheless, in a crisis, Congress can sometimes work

very quickly. 

      We have to realize that Congress can't be long term because of

annual budget cycles and because of the hard lobbying by local 

nterests.

      In making good policy and laws, building consensus is the key.

The current scope of information policy:

        -spans broad range of topics dealing with information 

collection, use, access, and dissemination

        -global warming has a component because new satellites will dump

a terabyte a day: who is responsible for storage, access, adding value 

to all of this data?

         -many bills have the phrase: "and they will establish a

clearinghouse of information on this topic"

         -information policy has increasingly become an element within

agency programs

        -impact of information technologies further complicates debate

        -result=more interested players from diverse areas.

       Congress has many committees that deals with these issues. CRS

"60 minutes" is broadcast CRS gets many requests for information. from

Congress.

      Jim Warren asked several questions about access to government

nformation. There was a general discussion about how the Library of

Congress would be digitized (size, cost, copyright barriers).  It was

noted that state level experiments affected federal activity, especially

the states that are copyrighting their information (unlike the federal

      The discussion about Congressional reluctance to communicate via

electronic mail with constituents: a new directory does not even list

nundated with fax communications.

++====================================================================++

                            Keynote Address:

        Al Neuharth, The Freedom Forum and founder of USA Today

            "Freedom in cyberspace: new wine in old flasks"

      Lunch, following the tutorials, was followed by an address by Al

Neuharth. The high points were:

      1. First amendment freedoms are for everyone. Newspaper publishers

bus.

      2. The passion for privacy may make our democracy falter.

      3. Publishing of disinformation is the biggest danger, not

nformation-glut.

      Commenting on American Newspaper Publishers Assn. to keep RBOCs 

out of information business, Neuharth noted that the free press clause in 

the Bill of Rights does not only apply to newspapers. Telcos have first

amendment rights too. "ANPA is spitting into the winds of change", he

there is a lot of turmoil.  People should get their news when, how and

yet to demonstrate expertise in information gathering and dissemination;

they have an outmoded allegiance to regulation .

      He strongly criticized the use of anonymous sources by newspapers.

Anonymous sources, he said, provide misinformation that does irreparable

Withholding of names encourages fabricating and misinformation. Opinions

and style should not be hidden in news pages but kept on the editorial

++====================================================================++

               Wednesday Afternoon Session: Who Logs On?

                  Given by Robert Lucky of Bell Labs:

Speaking personally, Lucky covered the following points:

      1. Fiber to the home: who pays for it?

          The consumers will pay and the consumer will benefit. How much

they will pay and how much they will benefit is what matters.

          We must to install wideband switching and we will.The drama is

mainly economic and political, not technical. It will happen in 40 

years.  Asked what fiber will bring that copper will not, Lucky took the

Field of Dreams approach: supply of bandwidth will create demand.

      2. Access and privacy.

          This is a personal quandary for Lucky. Intimate communications

for each person. "I like to call anybody from my wrist, but I hate 

          If you have access, you can't have privacy. The right to be

left alone takes away from the 'right' from other people.  Lucky was the

first of many to raise the problems of the FBI recommend legislation,

the Digital Telephony Amendment, that would require re-design of present

network so that surveillance could take place, and that the cost of

find conversations, but you will pay for this.  He viewed this with

      3. Lucky's observations on the Internet/NREN:

          One of the wonderful things is the sense of freedom on the

of freedom of information and freedom of communication, but nobody seems

to pay for it. It just comes. As a member of AT&T, this needs to be

transitioned to a commercial enterprise. Government is not good at this;

ntellectual property  lawyers will build walls, and hackers may screw

t up too. "I still want all the freedom in the commercial enterprise."

      Linda Garcia of the OTA (Office of Technology Assessment) spoke

about access issues and said it was a cost/benefit problem.  Rural areas

businesses, educators, hospitals and pool their demand for a broadband

network. Government could act as a broker or community organizer and

transfer the technology. Rural communities should not be treated the 

Connections and Rural America at the Crossroads"  for in-depth 

treatments of these issues.

      Al Koppe of New Jersey Bell outlined the many new services being

        --In 1992 there will be narrowband digital service for low

quality video conferencing; in 1994 wideband digital service.

        --Video on demand, entertainment libraries and distance learning

applications will be coming along soon after.

        --Koppe predicted a 99% penetration by 1999 with  complete fiber

by 2010. This will be a public network and not a private one. It will

      This is a very aggressive and optimistic plan, an important one 

for all of us to watch. Lucky said he had never seen a study that shows 

video on demand services can be competitive with video store prices. The

big question remains: how does a business based on low-bandwidth voice

      Brian Kahin, Kennedy School of Government, discussed the growth of

the Internet and policy issues:

        --points of access for different users

        --network structure and current NSFNet controversy

      He said the NREN debate is one between capacity (enabling high end

applications)   and connectivity (number of resources and users online).

++====================================================================++

          Afternoon Session: Ethics, Morality, and Criminality

      Mike Gibbons of the FBI chaired this session which was one of the

central themes for all present. In the same room we had law enforcement

(LE) representatives from state, local, and federal governments, civil

libertarians, and convicted computer criminals, as well as some victims.

      The FBI views the computer as a tool, and Gibbons told a story

about the huge raid on Lyndon LaRouche's data center in Virginia where

own hacker story because the audience would appreciate the challenges

that faced him more than LE supervisors without a technical knowledge of

computers would appreciate it. He was also involved in the Robert Morris

case.

      Mike Godwin of EFF agrees that it is not  ethical to access other

      Case involving Craig Neidorf of _phrack_ who felt that his

Bell South pegged the Document cost was $70K because it included the Vax

that document was property at all. LE folks can make good faith 

mistakes, but Craig had to spend $100,000 and that the prosecutor and

Secret Service never admitted they were wrong.

      Jim Settle from FBI sets policy on computer crime and supervisor 

of computer crime squad.  Background in Univacs in 1979. There is not a lot

of case law on computer crimes. LE was computer stupid and is not out

there to run over people's rights.  They discuss moral issues even when

an action was legal.

      Don Delaney of the New York State Police: He has been dealing with

computer crime, and works with companies who have been hit. Every day at

least one corporation has called him. $40,000 to $400K loss in a short

time. He has found glitches in the PBX software; he complained that few

Library was hit. People used binoculars to read the PIN numbers on

caller's cards as they dialed in Grand Central Station. Delaney called

this 'shoulder surfing' and noted that cameras, camcorders, and

binoculars are being used regularly.

      Mitch Kapor raised the issue of the Digital Telephony Amendment. 

communications on showing probable cause as they did with John Gotti)

Settle of the FBI asked: "What happens if the technology says you can't

allows wire tap.  Don Parker of SRI  said it is essential to have 

      The FBI under the Department of Justice has authority to use

tools that law enforcement has, but with the advent of digital telephony

ntercept these digital signals, and this will preclude the FBI and

other LE officials from intercepting electronic communications.

      The FBI proposes an amendment to the Communications Act of 1934 to

e able to intercept digital communications. There are a number of parts

to the bill:

      1. the FCC shall determine the interception needs of the DOJ and

ssue regulations 120 days after enactment.

      2. Service providers and pbx operators to modify existing telecom

thereafter, with penalties of $10,000 per day for willful offenders.

      3. Gives FCC the authority to compensate the system operators by

      Godwin said he believes that wiretap is okay when procedures are

followed, but you have to decide what kind of society you want to live

n. The FBI asked, "Are you going to say that crime is okay over the

changes to the law would leave cyberspace open to sophisticated

criminals, many of whom have more resources for technology that does the

LE community. For more information on this there is a 10 page 

legislative summary.

++====================================================================++

                        The Evening of Day One:

      There were Birds of a Feather (BOF) sessions that were less formal

and with less attendance. Nevertheless, they were some of the high 

      Where else would one find the law enforcement types switching 

Kudos to Mike Gibbons for setting this up.

      There was also a panel of hackers (I use the term in the broadest

and non-pejorative sense) including "Emmanuel Goldstein"--the nom de

founder of phrack; Phiber Optik, a young man who recently plea bargained to

a couple of charges; and Dorothy Denning, chair of the CS department at

Georgetown University.

      Goldstein (this was a character in Orwell's 1984 who was a front

for the establishment!) sees hackers as intellectuals on a quest for

bugs which, when corrected, help the system owner.He is extremely

frustrated over media treatment of hackers, yet he was open to a

Japanese camera crew filming the casual meetings of 2600 readers that

took place in the hotel lobby throughout the conference.  He said that

Holland.

      As an example of lax system management there was a military

computer during the middle east war had a password of Kuwait'. Don 

victim.

      Many of the hackers and publishers strongly believed that  

"knowing how things work is not illegal." The current publisher of Phrack

technology."

      Most librarians would agree, but much of the problem was what some

machine on the Net and complained that answers to technical questions

cost $100 per hour on the Next hotline.

++====================================================================++

               Electronic Money: Principles and Progress

                         Eric Hughes, DigiCash

      Electronic money uses public key encryption. People can recognize

your digital signature, but cannot read it. The goal is to create a bank

on the Internet that only uses software and affords the user complete

anonymity. There is the bank, the buyer, and the seller. Money flows 

from the bank in a money loop. Bank does not know what is signs but it

knows that it did sign it and will honor the electronic check.  This would

allow financial transactions and privacy for the buyer.

      In a library setting this would mean I could buy an item

electronically (a document, image, code) and nobody could link it with 

my name. My buying habits would be private, and a person roaming through 

the transactions might see that someone purchased the computer simulation

"Small furry animals in pain" but would not know the name of the

      Doing private database queries will become more and more important

as the network is used for more business activities. The DigiCash scheme

unlinkability is very important.

      In the discussion session the issue of drug lords using the system

and most would be far less. A British attendee said that stores had to

keep extensive records for VAT tax audits, so EEC and US regulations

++====================================================================++

                       Thursday Morning Sessions

                    For Sale: Government Information

      This was staged as a role playing advisory panel where a grad

nterests and then tried to answer the pointed questions from George

Trubow of John Marshall Law School.

Dwight Morris (LA Times):

      His job is to get government data and turn it into news stories. 

He noted that the FOIA is a joke; it's a last resort. Vendors are foia-ing

the agencies and then trying to sell those foia requesters software to

Ken Allen of the Information Agency Association:

      The government should not elude the appropriations process by

against exclusive contracts.

Mitch Freedman,Westchester Co. Library  ALA Coordinator for Access to

      Are many people asking for access for this information, or will 

the coding benefit many users in the long run? He mentioned of WINDO 

Franklin Reeder, Office of management and Budget:

      He observed that unusable databases in raw form mean that choice 

of format is irrelevant. There may be broader demand for this information,

and the database should be provided with interfaces for many users.

      Government agencies should not turn to information provision for

Costin Toregas, Public Technology, Inc.--owned by cities and counties in

U.S. and Canada:

       We should re-examine our language when discussing information and

access. How do you recover the costs of providing the new technological

access mechanisms. The provision of this should be high priority.

Robert Belair, Kirkpatrick and Lockhart, deals in FOIA and privacy

ssues:

      Choice of format is an issue, and in general we are doing a bad

fees from government agencies--even more than the lawyer fees!

      Questions:

      Denning: no view of where technology is taking us. Why not put the

FOIA information online?

      Freedman says the Owens bill handles this.

      Weingarten says that one agency is planning for a db that has no

equipment to handle it yet.

      Belair: we will get change in FOIA and the Owens bill is good. 

      Toregas: A well-connected community  is crucial.

      Harry Goodman asked Ken Allen if he still believed that "libraries

be taken off the dole."

      Allen denied he said this but Goodman had it on tape! Allen said

best way to provide the access to information.  Allen says it should be by

      Glenn Tenney, running for Congress in San Mateo County (CA), said

Congress and to buy it would have cost thousands of dollars.(

       Ken Allen replied that a private company had developed the

nformation from raw material, but others thought this was basic

nformation that should be available to all citizens. Other people

++====================================================================++

              Free Speech and the Public Telephone Network

      Jerry Berman of the EFF: 

        --Do telcos have the right to publish over their own networks?

        --What are the implications of telcos as newspapers vs. telcos 

as common carrier? Aren't safeguards needed to compel free access for all

        --There is already discrimination on the 900 services (provision

or billing for porno businesses).

        --When the public finds out what is on the network, there will 

be a big fight.

        --Will we follow the print model or the broadcasting model?

        --How can a new infrastructure secure a diversity of speech and

more participants, and how we can break the deadlock between cable,

      Henry Geller, Markle Foundation (FCC/NTIA) : 

        -- The key is the common carrier nature of the telephone 

networks and that they should carry all traffic without determining what is

appropriate. 

        --Congress can't chose between warring industries, so it won't

act on some of these telecomm issues.

        --Broadband area: if the bits flowing are TV programming, the

telco is forbidden to provide.  Print model is a good one to follow, not

the cable or broadcast model. He mentioned  CNN's squelching of NBC 

cable channel.

      John Podesta (Podesta Associates):  

        --There are forces that are trying to push messengers off the

        --We need a network with more voices, not just those of the

owners. 

        --We will be faced with censorship by the government and network

owners (MCI, US West);

        --There will be more invasion of privacy

      Six things have to happen:

      1. More competition via open platform. Personal ISDN at low

tariffs.

      2. Structural safeguards

      3. Common carriers should be content neutral when providing access

      4. Originators should bear responsibility for obscene or salacious

      5. Protect net against invasion of privacy. Debate is whether it

      6. Don't adopt broadcast or cable model for network; both are more

      Bob Peck (ACLU):

        --Government  ban on RBOCs providing information is a first

amendment issue, but there is also an issue of access. How do we make

        --The Rust vs. Sullivan decision could affect network use;

abortion clinics could not answer any questions about the topic. US 

Govt.  claimed: "We paid for the microphone; we just want to be able to

control what is said." This is being argued in other cases by DOJ  

and should be resisted.

      Eli Noam (NYU):

        --Coming from state government he tried to be an oxymoron, a

"forward-looking state utility commissioner".

        --Telcos say: If anyone can use the common carrier, why not

themselves.

        --Free speech is rooted in the idea of scarcity and restraints 

to access.

        --When you have 9000 channels, who cares?

        --There will be no scarcity. He predicts people will be video

literate. Video will have new obscene phone calls.

        --We are over-optimistic about the short term and too cautious

about long term effects.

        --Telecommuting is already happening on a significant scale.

        --We will have telecommunities, subcultures of special interest

        --Our political future is based on jurisdiction. Is there a new

form of political entity emerging that transcends time zones?

        --Information glut: The key issue will be how you filter and

        --Handling the information will be a big issue.The user's brain

s the ultimate bottleneck.

        --Internet news is about 18 MB a day.  

        --Screening will be by the network itself or by user groups and

telecommunities.

        --Rights of individuals vs. the governments. Is the first

amendment a local ordinance?

        --We need power over international interconnection. Fly the flag

of teledemocracy.

++====================================================================++

                       Lunch with Bruce Sterling

      Bruce Sterling, author of The Difference Engine (with William

Gibson) and a new title, The Hacker Crackdown, gave an outstanding

not at CFP-2.

        --The Truly Malicious Hacker:

           "Your average so-called malicious user -- he's a dweeb! He

can't keep his mouth shut! ....Crashing mainframes-- you call that

malice? Machines can't feel any pain! You want to crash a machine, try

t's pig-easy, and there's *nothing* in the way of security. Personally

         --A narco-general who has discovered the usefulness of his

contacts with the North American law enforcement communities--and their

            "These databases that you American police are maintaining.

Wonderful things....The limited access you are granting us only whets 

our appetite for more. You are learning everything about our

criminals....However, we feel that it is only just that you tell us 

about your criminals.....Let us get our hands on your Legions of Doom. I

know it would look bad if you did this sort of thing yourselves. But you

needn't."

        --A data pirate from Asia:

           "The digital black market will win, even if it means the

collapse of your most cherished institutions....Call it illegal, call it

matter; those are only words and words are not as real as bread. The only

question is how much suffering you are willing to inflict on yourselves,

and on others, in the pursuit of your utopian dream."

      Sterling's speech was a hilarious, yet half-serious departure from

the usual fare of conferences and is well worth obtaining the audio or

video cassette. I also recommend you attend the American Library

Association conference in late June 1992 when Sterling will address the

LITA attendees.

++====================================================================++

                          Who's in Your Genes

Who's in Your Genes was an overview of genetic data banking, and a

the interests of third parties. DNA forensic data banks and use of

chair. Panelists included  John Hicks, FBI Lab; Paul Mendelsohn,

Neurofibromatosis, Inc.; Peter Neufeld, Esq.; Madison Powers,

Kennedy Center for Ethics, Georgetown University.

++====================================================================++

               Private Collection of Personal Information

      This was another role-playing session where the participants took

establishment of a data protection board (as proposed by Congressman 

Wise in H.R. 685d).

      Janlori Goldman of the ACLU enthusiastically embraced the role of

from the fictitious private enterprises who were planning a supermarket

nformation.

      "It would be good to come to the board before you start the

bureaucrat. "Bring your papers and come on in to  discuss your project.

Let's keep it informal and friendly this time to prevent the more formal

meeting."  She even alluded to making  subpoenas and getting phone

assurances of confidentiality in their discussion, and even though this

board would be useful, changed their mind by the end, partly because of

      At the Q&A session about 25 people dashed for the microphones,

making this session the most provocative of all. At least it touched a

chord with everyone.

++====================================================================++

      On the evening of March 19, the Electronic Frontier Foundation

most to advance liberty, responsibility, and access to computer-based

communications. I was honored to serve as a judge and read the large

number of nominations. Each person or institution made a strong

mpression on me, and it was difficult to narrow it down to five people.

The recipients each made a very moving statement after they were called

to the podium by Mitchell Kapor of the EFF.

++====================================================================++

                                March 20

        Privacy and Intellectual Freedom in the Digital Library

                        Bob Walton of CLSI, Inc.

      Walton discussed the transformation of libraries as collections of

books into digital libraries with falling technological costs and

volatile questions of intellectual property and reimbursement.

      Gordon Conable, Monroe (MI) County Library system, spoke of

libraries as First Amendment institutions, ones where Carnegie saw the

of digital information are quite different, and this causes problems, as

vs. Sullivan).

      I spoke about the case of Santa Clara County (CA) Library

children checking out videos he thought should be restricted. It was a

to the California State Librarian presented a unified front in the face

of opposition from some parts of the community and the San Jose Mercury

News, the local paper that waffled somewhat on its own stance.

      Jean Polly of Liverpool Public Library spoke about the problems

library as an Internet node) and her plans for the future.

++====================================================================++

                          Who Holds the Keys?

      In a sense the cryptography discussion was one of the most

nto view by the end of the session. The two sides are personal privacy

and national security. Should the government be allowed to restrict the

use of cryptography? (Only weakened schemes are allowed to be legally

exported.) What legal protections should exist for enciphered

communications?

      David Bellin of the Pratt Institute stood up and spoke in code. He

thought encrypted speech was protected and that he should have the right

to associate with his peers through encryption (to prevent snooping). He

and one end and freedom at the other.

      Jim Bidzos of RSA Data Security said we need a review of

cryptographic policy. The long term effects of the current

confrontational relationship will be bad. John Gilmore of Cygnus Support

felt that the public should discuss cryptographic issues and not behind

closed doors. This is a good time for network people, manufacturers, and

the government to work together. John Perry Barlow sees encryption as an

answer to the problem of having lots of privacy. Using the drug war

Microsystems gave an excellent overview of the philosophy of encryption

and why it's important as we move from face-to-face communications to

electronic. There are a number of policy problems:

        --a bad person might be able to protect information against all

assaults.  In a free society a person is answerable for your actions, 

but a totalitarian society uses prior restraint. What will ours become?

        --Can a so-called 'free society' tolerate unrestricted use of

cryptography? Because cryptography can be done on standard processors

enforcement of a strong anti-crypto law would require drastic measures.

      I asked Jim Bidzos about the government agencies beating their

Soviet threat. He thought NSA could use budget hearings to say that with

a lean/mean military budget, a modest increase in crypto capability 

might give the government more lead time in an emergency.

      One member of the audience challenged Bidzos to go ahead and

export RSA outside of the US. Barlow responded "Come on, Jim. The

Russians are already using RSA in their  launch codes." To

 Barlow answered, "You would not have gotten any royalties

from them anyway."  Bidzos: "Maybe..." 
laughter>


      With only a partial understanding of some of the technology

nvolved (cryptography is a special field peopled mainly by
mathematicians and intelligence officials), I think that this will be 

the issue of the 90s for libraries. It may be a way to protect both privacy

and intellectual property in the digital libraries of the future.



++====================================================================++


                              Final Panel:

                  Public Policy for the 21st Century,

            moderated by Mara Liasson, National Public Radio


      "How will information technologies alter work, wealth, value,

two?... What public policies now exist that may pull the opposite

breakage if not addressed properly?"


      Peter Denning, George Mason University:

        People used to have faith that strong governments would bring

the decline of the faith.


      Mitchell Kapor:

        He sees digital media as the printing press of the 21st century. 

The WELL and others make us realize we are not prisoners of geography, 

technologies of computers. "Individuals flourish from mass society with

this technology"  Openness, freedom, inclusiveness will help us make a


      Simon Davies, Privacy International:

        "There is possibly a good future, but it's in the hands of

billion) becomes the beast. It will be something most of the world will

forces."


      Esther Dyson, EDventure Holding, Inc.:

        She thinks that cryptography is a defensive weapon. The free-

flow of cryptic information is dangerous to the powerful.  She want more

markets and less government. Large concentrations of power makes her

minority(disagreeing with Davies). We don't have one global villages but

many. How do we avert tribalism of class?


      Roland Homet, Executive Inc.:

        Homet was more conciliatory. America has a penchant for ordered

liberty. It  uses toleration and restraint to keep forces working

together.


++====================================================================++


Lance Hoffman, of the George Washington University and organizer of the

conference, deserves a great deal of credit for a smooth running yet

exciting three days.


There will be a CFP-3 in the San Francisco area next year. If you find

these issues to be a major force in your professional life, we hope you

and firms.


               End of Report/ Steve Cisler sac@apple.com


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Cambridge MA  02141


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quality with such fantastic silk-screening for less than $20 in any

T-shirt store in the country.  (You can quote me on that.)" 

    -- Brendan Kehoe  upon receiving his shirt.


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            MEMBERSHIP IN THE ELECTRONIC FRONTIER FOUNDATION


and activities into other realms of the electronic frontier, we need the

financial support of individuals and organizations.


becoming a member now. Members receive our quarterly newsletter,

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any circumstances, sell any part of its membership list.  We will, from

time to time, share this list with other non-profit organizations whose

explicit permission, we assume that you do not wish your membership


---------------- EFF MEMBERSHIP FORM ---------------


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         155 Second St. #27

         Cambridge, MA 02141


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                   The Electronic Frontier Foundation

                 155 Second Street, Cambridge MA 02141

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                     Internet Address: eff@eff.org

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