Three Personal THE SUNDEVIL FOIA AR

########## ########## ########## |       THE NET: WHAT'S IT GOOD FOR?|

########## ########## ########## |        Three Personal Perspectives|

####       ####       ####       |                                   |

########   ########   ########   |             THE SUNDEVIL DOCUMENTS|

########   ########   ########   |                CPSR'S FOIA Release|

####       ####       ####       |                                   |

########## ####       ####       |          ARE YOU AN INTERNET NERD?|

########## ####       ####       |       Test Reveals Terrible Truth!|

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                    EFF OPENS WASHINGTON OFFICE                      |

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EFFector Online           January 18, 1992        Volume 2, Number 4 |

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                 PIONEER AWARD NOMINATIONS DEADLINE

for the First Annual EFF/Pioneer Awards will be February 15.

The Pioneer Awards will be made on Thursday, March 19,1992 at the

L'Enfant Plaza Hotel in Washington, DC, during the Second Computers,

Freedom and Privacy Conference.

Anyone may be nominated for an award, except for EFF Staff members.

A nomination form can be found at the end of this issue of EFFector

Online. We have already received many nominations, but we need to hear

from you.

The EFF is looking for the real pioneers. Help us find them.

                   -==--==--==-<>-==--==--==-

                          In this issue:

         "WHY WOULD ANYONE WANT TO USE A COMPUTER IN A LIBRARY?"

                      LIBERATION TECHNOLOGY

                    THE NET:WHAT'S IT WORTH?

                  SUN DEVIL DOCUMENTS RELEASED

                WARNING - MICHELANGELO VIRUS (PC)

             BERMAN TO HEAD NEW EFF WASHINGTON OFFICE

                  UPDATE ON EFF ACTIVITIES

                  ARE YOU AN INTERNET NERD?

                   -==--==--==-<>-==--==--==-

                            NET WORK:

        Three Personal Perspectives on the Uses of the Net

[As the creation of the Net goes forward, and many issues of a

technical, legal or political nature surface, its easy to forget that

the Net is made to be used by people in ways that are neither technical

nor political.  In various groups over the past few weeks, the question

of what the Net is "good for" has arisen in several guises. In this

edition of EFFector Online, we present three "answers".  The first is

from a librarian, the second from a college professor, and the third

from an EFF staff member.  Every so often, it helps to step back from

the wiring, planning, programming, and social engineering and reflect

on the ways in which humanity actually uses the tools it creates.]

                   -==--==--==-<>-==--==--==-

         "WHY WOULD ANYONE WANT TO USE A COMPUTER IN A LIBRARY?"

                           by Jean Polly

                          (polly@LPL.ORG)

How does the INTERNET relate to the little guy?

[The previous posters] remarks remind me very much of the response

acquiring a computer for public use at my public library.

"Why would ANYONE want to use a computer in a public library-- what on

earth would they use it for???" was the universal attitude, usually

accompanied by a guffaw or two.

Undaunted, I pressed ahead and by October of 1981 we had a 48K Apple II+

out where the Masses could touch it. (Now my kid has 48K on his watch...)

Ten years later, over 1,500 hours per month are reserved on the seven

Our clients use the computers and laser printers for everything from

learn to use databases, practice languages, print mailing labels.

Last year we got an Apple Library of Tomorrow grant, which brought

nteractive videodisc technology to our small village library. We have

Congress' American Memory Project. This CD-ROM and videodisc archive

contains some 25,000 turn of the Century postcard views of American

landmarks, rare film footage from the 1901 Pan-American Exposition,

audio archives of great American speeches and their text, with photos of

the speakers, plus much more. Subsequent volumes will include Civil War

oral histories from around the U.S. Everything in the collection is

And yes, we hope to offer INTERNET connectivity in our lab sometime in

the first half of 1992.

FCC and other government regulations strive to protect public interest

n, and access to, cable TV, radio, amateur radio and other

communications highways; likewise should we advocate public uses of

computer technology, and telecommunications.

Haven't you noticed that your colleagues and friends are quickly being

talking to "connected" colleagues a lot more frequently than your offline

friends? This is Not a Good Thing. Institutionally. Nationally. Globally.

lives, from Moscow to Mexico City, Cupertino to Halifax. People finding

out about their similarities rather than focusing on what divides them.

All possible on the net.

Gee, you don't need the NREN for just Email, I can hear you say. Right.

Not for text. What about when it includes video, color photos,

multimedia?

Gigabits you say. I don't know how much bandwidth I need to my house. In

You know Warhol's "everyone's famous for 15 minutes?" Once you are into

computers you are only satisfied with what you've got for 15 minutes!

("Faster, higher, stronger", the Olympic motto, could be appropriated by

So, to cut to the chase, yes. The little guy not only needs to be

nformed about What's Going on Out There, but he needs some way to Be Out

There. I guess you can either be a signpost, or a roadblock, or line

noise.

Jean Armour Polly                             "Don't postpone joy!"

Assistant Director,Public Services         Liverpool Public Library

                                            INTERNET: polly@LPL.ORG

                   -==--==--==-<>-==--==--==-

                      LIBERATION TECHNOLOGY

             Equal Access Via Computer Communication

                        by Norman Coombs

                   (NRCGSH@RITVAX.ISC.RIT.EDU)

use a computer with a speech synthesizer,and regularly teach a class of

no physical handicap. Some, however, are hearing impaired, and others

totally deaf. I have team-taught another course at the New School for

Social Research, some 350 miles away, with a teacher who is blind and

confined to a wheelchair. On the computer screen, our handicaps of

blindness and mobility make no difference.

One of the courses I teach online is African American history. In that

class, some students are White, some Black, others Asian, and still

others Native American. Obviously, some of the class members are male and

others female. All of these differences, like those of the handicaps

these characteristics disappear; participants share their identities,

views and feelings freely. However, these differences no longer block

communication and community. In fact, conference members often feel free

to make such differences one of the topics for discussion. A student in

my Black history course said that what he liked about conducting a class

male, female, Black, White, Red, Yellow, blind or deaf. His comments were

accepted for their own worth and not judged by some prior stereotype.

One myth about the computer is that it is cold, depersonalizing and

ntimidating. When I began using the computer to communicate with

teaching. First, it liberated me, a blind teacher, from my dependence on

other people. I now have all my assignments submitted through electronic

mail including take-home exams,and have little need for human readers.

Because of this I have become a member of a pilot study using computer

conferencing to replace classroom discussion for students in continuing

education. Students with a personal computer and modem could work from

and also let them set their own schedule.The conference facilitates

at the same time. In addition, I find it easy to send frequent personal

notes to individual students, giving me more contact with individual

continuing education students who no longer have to commute. Second,

those who had been taking television or correspondence courses.  The

online experience gives them a means of exchanging information between

themselves and their teacher. The third group turns out to be regular day

Although computer conferencing had obvious benefits for me, I had failed

to grasp its significance for disabled students in general. Only when a

conversed with one of her teachers without using an intermediary. She

also remarked that mine had been her most valuable college course because

Computer conferencing can also benefit people with mobility impairments.

They can go to school while they stay at home. The distance involved

could be anything from a few miles to all the way across the continent or

across an ocean. Students with motor impairments can also use this

mpaired persons use a computer even though they cannot handle a

keyboard.

But conferencing liberates more people than the physically disabled. All

any initial computer phobia, many found it easier to participate. Where

there is no stage then there is no stage fright.

While some educators prefer to keep the teaching process academic and

objective, others are convinced that students learn more profoundly when

they become emotionally engaged in the process. My class underlined this

aspect of conferencing. In a discussion on welfare, one woman in her

twenties confessed to being on welfare and described her feelings about

t. In a Black history course, students described personal experiences as

victims of racism. White students admitted to having been taught to be

that they had prejudices about various shades of color within their own

community. As a teacher, I often felt that I was treading on privileged

of my teaching career.

Computer communications is infamous for people making thoughtless and

rresponsible attacks on one another, something known as "flaming". In my

experience, happily, there has been almost none of this. First, the

teacher has the opportunity to set ground rules and establish a

electronic mail. Once a mass mailing has been sent, it is irretrievable,

to see. Most students seemed intuitively aware of the potential for

misunderstanding and, before criticizing someone, they frequently asked

questions to be sure that they understood what had be meant by the

t was read by most of the class. Usually, I prefer to leave

controversial material on the conference and utilize it as a group

learning experience.

Computer communication has other important implications for both the

already be accessed from a personal computer and a modem. Soon, growing

numbers of reference works will be available on-line . While the

copyright problems are complex, it seems inevitable that large amounts of

text material from periodicals and books will also be accessible on a

computer network. I still have vivid memories of the first time I

connected my computer to a library catalog and found my book was really

there. It was only a year ago that I had my first personal, unassisted,

access to an encyclopedia. Not only is this technology liberating to

those of us who have physical impairments, but in turn, it will help to

make us more productive members of society.

Not all handicapped persons rush to join the computer world. Indeed, many

s frightening, and handicapped students may need special assistance to

the contrary, such technology will leave the underclass further behind.

Visually impaired computer users, at present, have one growing worry.

They fear that graphic interfaces and touch screens may take away all

that the computer has promised to them. Recently passed federal

legislation has tried to guarantee that future computer hardware and

cooperation by computer providers is a far better approach to the

community for software access, and it is having an important impact on

voluntary compliance. Others believe that adaptive software and hardware

can be produced which can adequately interpret graphic interfaces for the

visually impaired.

create a tremendous sense of powerlessness. Computer communication,

at one's fingertips. Not only can this empowerment liberate the

changes how one feels about oneself.

Finally, I am personally excited about the ability of computer networking

to provide more equal access to education and information for many

conduct an experiment involving two courses: one taught from Rochester

and the other from Washington, DC. Students from both campuses will be

enrolled in both classes. While some use will be made of videos and

movies, class discussions and meetings between a student and a teacher

connecting link. Some students will be hearing impaired, and one teacher

Norman Coombs

Rochester Institute of Technology

One Lomb Memorial Dr.

Rochester NY 14623

Email: NRCGSH@RITVAX.ISC.RIT.EDU

                   -==--==--==-<>-==--==--==-

                    THE NET:WHAT'S IT WORTH?

                         by Mike Godwin

                        (mnemonic@eff.org)

>There is a lot of interesting talk about national data networks, ISDN,

>federally funded networks, etc., but I was wondering how people felt

>about its over-all importance in society. What are the practical

>purposes of a national network (a terminal in every home) when people

>are having a tough enough time keeping up with their mortgage payments?

>With millions out of work, millions in fact, illiterate-- aren't there

>economic and educational problems that have to be combatted before a

>national data network can be seriously considered?

There are a lot of answers to this question, and I can allude to only a

few of them here.

One answer has to do with the implied premise that there are either moral

or practical reasons to address our most pressing social problems first,

before we deal with public-policy issues that seem less pressing. Is this

t does not follow that establishing national public networks entails

*not* responding to the nation's economic problems. Surely we can do

both.

Secondly, there is a lot more consensus (even with all the debate one

network infrastructure in this country than there is about such issues as

nfrastructure tend to be over minor matters, relatively speaking.)

Third, getting people online may actually *help* solve the other

contributions of ideas. It should be noted that networked online

communications are unusual among communications media in that they follow

a "many-to-many" model (everyone on the "Net" can talk to everyone else,

model (e.g., newspapers, broadcasting, cable) or the "one-to-one" model

(telephones). What's more, discussions in this medium can be more

constraints to compose or reply to arguments, and since one cannot be

nterrupted. One of the reasons the First Amendment exists is to promote

nfrastructure that allows for the greatest exercise of First Amendment

Fourth, if we don't consider the policy issues now, it's not the case

that these issues will wait until we get around to them. They're being

made with public input or not.

There are other arguments for addressing network policy now, even though

them. But I have not the least moral qualm in giving attention to network

and online-communication policy issues now, since I believe

other problems.

                   -==--==--==-<>-==--==--==-

                  SUN DEVIL DOCUMENTS RELEASED

The Secret Service's response to CPSR's Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

Devil investigation. The documents disclosed to CPSR reveal that the

Secret Service monitored communications sent across the Internet. The

materials released through the FOIA include copies of many electronic

newsletters, digests, and Usenet groups including "comp.org.eff.talk,"

"comp.sys.att," "Computer Underground Digest" (alt.cud.cu-digest),

"Effector Online," "Legion of Doom Technical Journals," "Phrack

Newsletter," and "Telecom Digest (comp.dcom.telecom)". Currently, there

s no clear policy for the monitoring of network communications by law

enforcement agents. A 1982 memorandum prepared for the FBI by the

Department of Justice indicated that the FBI would consider monitoring on

a case by case basis. That document was released as a result of a

Additionally, CPSR has found papers that show Bell Labs in New Jersey

The material (approximately 2500 pages) also suggests that the Secret

Service's seizure of computer bulletin boards and other systems during

Operation Sun Devil may have violated the Electronic Communications

Two sets of logs from a computer bulletin board in Virginia show that the

Secret Service obtained messages in the Spring of 1989 by use of the

obtained system administrator access. It is possible that the Secret

Service accessed this system without authorization. The more likely

explanation is that the agency obtained the cooperation of the system

administrator. Another possibility is that this may have been a bulletin

board set up by the Secret Service for a sting operation. Such a bulletin

board was established for an undercover investigation involving

The documents we received also include references to the video taping of

SummerCon, a computer hackers conference that took place in St. Louis in

and placed hidden cameras to tape the participants. The documents also

track of suspected computer hackers. This database contains records of

names, aliases, addresses, phone numbers, known associates, a list of

activities, and various articles associated with each individual.

CPSR is continuing its efforts to obtain government documentation

concerning computer crime investigations conducted by the Secret Service.

These efforts include the litigation of several FOIA lawsuits and

attempts to locate individuals targeted by federal agencies in the course

of such investigations.

Contact sobel@washofc.cpsr.org (David Sobel)

                   -==--==--==-<>-==--==--==-

             BERMAN TO HEAD NEW EFF WASHINGTON OFFICE

The Electronic Frontier Foundation  today announced the opening of

a permanent office  in Washington D.C. and named Jerry Berman,

former head of the ACLU Information Technology Project, to direct

ts operations.

creation of the Washington office and the appointment of Jerry

Berman demonstrates our commitment to build a national

organization.  It will give the EFF the ability to effectively

advocate policies that will reflect the public's interest in the

creation of new computer and communications technologies."

Jerry Berman, incoming Director of the EFF Washington Office,

on these issues, and to help create policies that will maximize

both civil liberties and competitiveness in the new social

environments created by digital media."

"The EFF," Berman continued, "is hard at work developing

nitiatives that will ensure that all present and future

'electronic highways', from the telephone network to the National

Research and Education Network, enhance First and Fourth Amendment

accessible to all segments of society."

Jerry Berman was until December 1991 director of the ACLU

Legislative Counsel in Washington, D.C. 

During his career, Mr. Berman has played a major role in the

Act of 1978 (warrants for national security wiretapping); the

Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (warrant

communications); and the Video Privacy Protection Act of 1988. 

Over the last two years, he has spearheaded efforts to establish

For more information contact:

Jerry Berman, Director                   Gerard Van der Leun

Electronic Frontier Foundation                           EFF

Washington, DC 20003                     Cambridge, MA 02141

Telephone: (202) 544-9237               Phone:(617) 864-0665

FAX: (202) 547-5481                      FAX: (617) 864-0866

Email: jberman@eff.org                    Email: van@eff.org

              UPDATE ON EFF ACTIVITIES

The EFF, through its headquarters in Cambridge and its newly

opened office in Washington, is currently advocating that:

     *Congress establish an "open telecommunications platform"

      featuring "Personal ISDN" ;

     *the open platform be created with legislative safeguards

      that ensure a level playing field for all those competing

      in the information services market;

     *the NREN serve as a "testbed" for new voice, data, and video

      services that will eventually be offered over our National

      Public Network;

     *electronic bulletin boards be afforded the same First

      Amendment protections enjoyed by other media;

     *citizens who use computers for communications purposes be

      afforded the full protection of the Fourth Amendment; 

     *an Electronic Freedom of Information Act be passed that will

      grant citizens access to the electronic version of public

      information consistent with the public's right to know; and

      that

     *technical means be mandated to insure the privacy of

      personal communications carried over cellular and other

      radio-based communications systems.

The Electronic Frontier Foundation is also a co-sponsor (along

s designed to explore the means for achieving the communications

OMB Watch to the NAACP participate in forum activities.  The

Communications Policy Forum is funded by foundations as well as a

                   -==--==--==-<>-==--==--==-

                WARNING - MICHELANGELO VIRUS (PC)

   Original-Sender: Virus Alert List 

     From: "A. Padgett Peterson" 

>From all reports this destructive virus is spreading world- wide very

become "common" in just ten months following detection. I have

encountered three cases locally in just the last few weeks.

Three factors make this virus particularly dangerous:

currently reported. Since the virus infects only the Master Boot Record

on hard disks and the boot record of floppy disks, viral detection

techniques that rely on alteration of DOS executable files will not

MBR may only provide users with a single warning that, if execution is

consequently many virus scanners in use today will not pick up the virus

unless more recent updates have been obtained.

the past) which are more annoying than dangerous, the Michelangelo virus

of the hard disk rendering it unreadable by DOS. Further, since the FATs

(file allocation tables) may be damaged , unless backups are available

Fortunately, the Michelangelo virus is also very easy to detect: when

(IBM), and DR-DOS (Digital Research) {all names are registered by their

owners}) program will return a "total bytes memory" value 2048 bytes

lower than normal. This means that a 640k PC which normally returns

not necessarily mean that Michelangelo or any other virus is present, the

the boot record (executable area found on all floppy disks including

                   -==--==--==-<>-==--==--==-

                    ARE YOU AN INTERNET NERD?

This quiz is dedicated to all of those people who find themselves

constantly roaming the net.  Do you leave yourself logged in

twenty-four hours a day, even when you're not home?  Is your

things at distances greater than 2 feet?  Yes, YOU.  You know who

you are.

Ok... shall we begin?  Yes?   5 points... (you could've backed out.)

Unless otherwise stated, point values are as follows: 2 for (a), 4 for

(b), 6 for (c), and 10 for (d).

--------------------------------------------------------------------

     Multiple machines at the same site do not count.

____Internet      ____UUCP       ____Other public access   ____Other

____Bitnet        ____Freenet    ____Internet BBS          ____All seven

                                   (2 points each)

     a)  Huh?

     b)  More than one

     c)  More than five

     d)  I'm still looking for a really funky quote

     a)  Nobody sends me any mail... snif

     b)  Three, but they're all from Lester in the next cubicle

           over, because he has nothing better to do

     c)  I can't count that high, I failed calculus

     d)  Don't ask me now, I'm too busy.  Send me e-mail.

     see what the heck those perverts were talking about?

     a)  Yes, and I'm so ashamed

     b)  Yes, and I'm so embarrassed

     c)  Yes, and would you please explain a few things to me...

     d)  No, never.    (10 points.  You're lying.)

     via a computer network?

     a)  No

     b)  Yes, through a newsgroup we both posted on

     c)  Yes, by chatting randomly over the Internet (shame!)

     d)  Yes, by chatting over RELAY

     of your time doing?

     a)  Going through the library system and putting books on reserve

     b)  Reading _Alice in Wonderland_ in the online bookshelf

     c)  Reading the monthly postings on rec.humor.funny

     d)  Writing up stupid quizzes because you've done everything else

     day, what would be the percent chance that your phone would

     be busy?

     a)  Zero... I've got call waiting

     b)  25%.... I only dial in from work  (Uh, hi, boss)

     c)  75%.... Duh, so that's why nobody ever calls me

     d)  Zero... My modem has a separate phone line

     a)  The comp. groups... because they're so informative

     b)  The soc. groups.... because they're so multicultural

     c)  The rec. groups.... because they're so diverting

     d)  The alt. groups.... because I don't know what half those

                             words mean

     a)  I have to pay $5/month for it

     b)  The damn sysadmins won't give me enough quota to hold

         all my .GIF's

     c)  All those programmers keep tying up the modem lines

     d)  I have to stay in school to keep it

     a)  10 am... coffee break

     b)  3 pm.... General Hospital's on

     c)  12 am... one last login before I hit the sack

     d)  4 am.... Oh my God, I've got a test tomorrow

ALRIGHT, FOLKS.  SCORING TIME!

             next year.

             telnet over to 128.6.4.8 and play around with the Quartz

             BBS for a while.

             this week, it'll do you some good.

             computer, go out in the woods for a few days, and relax.

             Lay back and listen to the birds singing.  Clear your mind.

             And don't forget to unsubscribe yourself from all those

             lists before you leave.

--written by slewis@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Sarah Lewis) in a moment

  of extreme boredom.  Disclaimer:  OSU doesn't know I wrote this, and

  it's probably better that way.  Sigh.  Time to hit the books....

                   -==--==--==-<>-==--==--==-

    THE ELECTRONIC FRONTIER FOUNDATION'S FIRST ANNUAL PIONEER AWARDS

                        CALL FOR NOMINATIONS

      (Attention: Please feel free to repost to all systems worldwide.)

knowledge,freedom,efficiency and utility. Along the electronic frontier,

this is especially true. To recognize this,the Electronic Frontier

Foundation has established the Pioneer Awards.  The first annual Pioneer

Awards will be given at the Second Annual Computers, Freedom, and Privacy

Conference in Washington, D.C. in March of 1992.

All valid nominations will be reviewed by a panel of outside judges

chosen for their knowledge of computer-based communications and the technical,

legal, and social issues involved in networking.

There are no specific categories for the Pioneer Awards, but the

following guidelines apply:

   1) The nominees must have made a substantial contribution to the

communications.

   2) The contribution may be technical, social, economic or cultural.

   3) Nominations may be of individuals, systems, or organizations in the

   4) Nominations are open to all, and you may nominate more than one

   5) All nominations, to be valid, must contain your reasons, however

brief, on why you are nominating the individual or organization, along

anonymous nominations will be allowed.

   5) Every person or organization, with the single exception of EFF

You may nominate as many as you wish, but please use one form per

nomination. You may return the forms to us via email at:

             pioneer@eff.org.

You may mail them to us at:

             Pioneer Awards, EFF,

             155 Second Street

             Cambridge MA 02141.

You may FAX them to us at:

             (617) 864-0866.

Just tell us the name of the nominee, the phone number or email address

at which the nominee can be reached, and, most important, why you feel

the nominee deserves the award.  You can attach supporting documentation.

We're looking for the Pioneers of the Electronic Frontier that have made

and are making a difference. Thanks for helping us find them,

The Electronic Frontier Foundation

              -------EFF Pioneer Awards Nomination Form------

          pioneer@eff.org

or via surface mail to EFF 155 Second Street, Cambridge,MA 02141 USA;

or via FAX to USA (617)864-0866.

Nominee:

Title:

Company/Organization:

Contact number or email address:

Reason for nomination:

Your name and contact number:

Extra documentation attached:

              -------EFF Pioneer Awards Nomination Form------

                   -==--==--==-<>-==--==--==-

              MEMBERSHIP IN THE ELECTRONIC FRONTIER FOUNDATION

and activities into other realms of the electronic frontier, we need the

financial support of individuals and organizations.

becoming a member now. Members receive our quarterly newsletter,

EFFECTOR, our bi-weekly electronic newsletter, EFFector Online (if you

believe that support should be freely given, you can receive these

things even if you do not elect to become a member.

Your membership/donation is fully tax deductible.

Our memberships are $20.00 per year for students, $40.00 per year for

Our privacy policy: The Electronic Frontier Foundation will never, under

any circumstances, sell any part of its membership list.  We will, from

time to time, share this list with other non-profit organizations whose

explicit permission, we assume that you do not wish your membership

---------------- EFF@eff.org MEMBERSHIP FORM ---------------<<<

Mail to: The Electronic Frontier Foundation, Inc.

         155 Second St. #22

         Cambridge, MA 02141

            $20.00 (student or low income membership)

            $40.00 (regular membership)

            $100.00(Corporate or company membership.

                    This allows any organization to

                    become a member of EFF. It allows

                    such an organization, if it wishes

                    to designate up to five individuals

                    within the organization as members.)

    [  ] I enclose an additional donation of $            

Name:

Organization:

Address:

City or Town:

State:       Zip:      Phone:(    )             (optional)

FAX:(    )              (optional)

Email address:                   

to my Mastercard [  ]  Visa [  ]  American Express [  ]

Number:                     

Expiration date:            

Signature: ________________________________________________

Date:                                                     

other non-profit groups from time to time as it deems

appropriate   [ ].

                       Initials:___________________________

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