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EFFector Online Volume 07 No. 14    November 23, 1994     editors@eff.org

A Publication of the Electronic Frontier Foundation        ISSN 1062-9424

EFF Urges X9 Committee to Adopt Triple-DES Standard

Aerosmith & EFF Rock the Net

Statement of Rep. Brown on Encryption Standards and Procedures Act

DoC Telecom & Info Infrastructure Assistance Program Grants

Digital Library Study - Call for Participation

FCC Crackdown on Free Radio Berkeley

Calendar of Events

What YOU Can Do

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: EFF Urges X9 Committee to Adopt Triple-DES Standard

------------------------------------------------------------

EFF sent a letter to 37 members of the Accredited Standards Committee (ASC)

based on triple-DES, a strengthened and upgraded form of the popular DES

(data encryption standard).  The balloting process, which allows members

one month to cast their vote, closes on November 19.

The vote has important implications on the future of cryptographic

adoption of a standard based on triple-DES would pose a major setback to

the NSA's efforts to push Clipper or similar government key-escrow based

The NSA, which is a voting member of the X9 committee, has urged members to

vote against the triple-DES standard.    

The ASC X9 committee is charged with setting data security standards for

the US banking and financial services industries.  Its membership is

comprised of representatives from the banking, financial services, computer

and communications industries, software manufacturers, and government,

ncluding the NSA, the Federal Reserve, and NIST.

* BACKGROUND 

Encryption is widely used by banks and other financial institutions to

flow every day across the world's communications networks.

Currently, the prevailing encryption standard used in the banking industry

s based on DES (Data Encryption Standard).  DES has been available since

the early 1970's, and is popular because it has been repeatedly tested and

s considered unbreakable except by brute force (trying every possible

key).  DES is also popular because the US government has allowed banks and

financial institutions to use it overseas -- a limited but important

exception to the strong controls placed on other forms of cryptography. 

Despite its enormous popularity and widespread use, the banking and

financial services industries are searching for a new standard because DES

s reaching the end of its useful life.

Although DES can only be cracked through brute force, the increasing speed

and sophistication of computer processing power will soon render the

using a machine which cost less than $1 million to build.

Triple-DES, a strengthened version of the reliable and trusted DES

ndustries. In basic terms, the triple-DES standard is based on the

existing DES, but has been enhanced by tripling the key length.  The longer

key will make it more difficult to use brute force to crack the code.  

Supporters of triple-DES view it as a temporary, stop-gap solution, which

that virtually all users are familiar with, it is argued that developing

and using triple-DES will not be a burden to current designers  and users

of data security systems. 

* NSA ATTEMPTS TO PUSH X9 TO ADOPT CLIPPER STANDARD

Members of the X9 committee agree that an alternative to DES must be found,

the question is what that standard will be.  The committee is currently

considering a recommendation to develop a standard based on triple-DES. 

Although there appears to be general support for the recommendation (it

July), the NSA has lobbied the committee to reject the proposal to create a

triple-DES standard. They have circulated a letter to committee members

(attached below) urging them to vote against the triple-DES recommendation.

Without offering specific alternatives, the NSA letter stresses national

ts exportability.

The NSA appears to believe that the rejection of triple-DES by the X9

committee would create an opportunity to push for the only current

alternative -- Clipper.

By agreeing to develop a triple-DES based standard, the X9 committee can

efforts to ensure that all cryptography contains government-escrowed back

The final balloting closes on Saturday, November 19. EFF is tracking the

committee vote, and will update this story as soon as further information

s available.

* EFF LETTER TO X9 COMMITTEE MEMBERS

November 18, 1994

Dear Accredited Standards Committee-X9 Member:

The X9 Committee is currently voting as to whether to recommend the

Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) strongly urges you to vote in favor of

the triple-DES standard.

EFF supports the development of a variety of new data security standards

and alternatives to DES.  We believe the triple-DES standard provides the

best immediate short term alternative because:

	* The basic algorithm, DES, is strong and has been tested repeatedly.

	* There are no known attacks that succeed against triple-DES.

	* It is clearly no less secure than DES.

	* It eliminates the brute-force problem completely by tripling the 

	  key length.

	* It runs at high speeds in easy-to-build chips.

	* It can be easily incorporated into existing systems.

NSA's opposition to triple-DES appears to be an indirect attempt to push

Clipper by eliminating credible alternatives.  Clipper is not a viable

alternative to triple-DES, and carries substantial liabilities.  There has

been no evidence of foreign acceptance of the standard and the skipjack

algorithm is classified.  The likelihood of any government accepting secret

Administration efforts, through the NSA, to push Clipper as a domestic

We urge you to carefully consider the alternatives before you cast your

ballot.  We believe that the triple-DES issue should be decided on its own

merits.

Sincerely, 

John Gilmore                            

Board of Directors                      

Electronic Frontier Foundation  

Daniel J. Weitzner

Deputy Policy Director

Electronic Frontier Foundation

* NSA LETTER TO X9 COMMITTEE MEMBERS

        I will be casting a NO vote of the NWI proposal for triple-DES,

Letter Ballot X9/94-LB#28.  The reasons are set forth below.  You may find

these useful as you determine your position.

Jerry Rainville

                        NSA REASONS FOR NEGATIVE VOTE

        While NSA supports the use of DES in the global financial sector,

of reasons.

        The financial community should be planning to transition to a new

authentication, key management, and secure hashing applications.  With a

broader interest in security, the market can now support optimized

algorithms by application.  Going through the expense of installing a

universal appropriate solutions.

        While we understand the appeal of a snap-in upgrade, our experience

upgrading to more appropriate technology

        Tripling of any algorithm is cryptographically unsound.  Notice

that tripling DES, at best, only doubles the length of the cryptovariable

(key).  Phrased another way, the DES was optimized for security at 56 bits.

 We cannot vouch that any of the schemes for doubling the cryptovariable

length of DES truly squares the security.

        We understand the financial community has concerns with current key

escrow based encryption, however, we are committed to searching for answers

to those concerns.  But the government is also committed to key escrow

encryption, and we do not believe that the proposal for triple DES is

consistent with this objective.

        US export control policy does not allow for general export of DES

for encryption, let alone triple-DES.  Proceeding with this NWI would place

accepted X9 cryptographic policy.

        The US government has not endorsed triple-DES; manufacturers and

users may be reluctant to use triple-DES products for fear of possible

liability.

        Finally, further proliferation of triple-DES is counter to national

------------------------------

Subject: Aerosmith & EFF Rock the Net

-------------------------------------

Aerosmith Press Release

America's premier rock band, Aerosmith, today announced details of a unique

frontiers into new realms of Cyberspace.

making "Cyberspace Tour," scheduled to take place over four days (December

CompuServe, Prodigy, America Online and the Internet.

Never before has a band utilized four online services in this way, and

never before have so many people been brought together at one time for an

nteractive gathering of this kind.

"Aerosmith Cyberspace Tour" T-shirts (specially designed in support of the

event by graphic artists at Wired Magazine and manufactured by Giant

Merchandising) will benefit the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) -- a

civil liberties organization dedicated to advancing free speech on the

networks.  In addition, Aerosmith has secured substantial cash donations

for the Foundation from Geffen Records, EMI Music Publishing and Columbia

Records.

Founded in July 1990, over the past four years, the EFF has sponsored

litigation and legislation to protect the privacy rights of computer users,

to ensure that electronic publishers are treated equally under the law and

to guarantee that all speech, no matter how controversial, has a forum

Fourth Amendments, Aerosmith hopes to focus worldwide attention on these

mportant issues through the instigation of this event.

band members, those participating will stand to win an exciting array of

Aerosmith prizes, ranging from the band's latest, collectible Columbia

and home video, to their first interactive CD-ROM game, "Virtual Guitar:

Quest for Fame, Featuring Aerosmith" and the CD-ROM-based music video

Kicking off on Sunday, Dec. 4, at 7 p.m. (EST) Aerosmith will first

for an hour-long interchange.  The following night, at 10 p.m. (EST), they

America Online on Tuesday, Dec. 6, between 8:15 p.m. and 9 p.m. (EST). For

their final appearance (10 p.m. EST Dec. 7), the band will log on to a

linked collection of live electronic gathering places, called MOOs,

accessible through the Internet.  This last stop on the tour will see an

unprecedented number of users accessing the system -- making this a

For two of the online events, the band will be set up backstage, with

Macintosh Powerbooks courtesy of Apple Computers, prior to their shows at

the Palace of Auburn Hills in Detroit (Dec. 4) and the United Center in

Chicago (Dec. 6).  For the other two nights, utilizing the same equipment,

they will take time out of their hectic schedules, to link up with their

fans en route between gigs.

Anyone with a computer, a modem and access to one of the four online

through any of the commercial services' 800 numbers) will be able to dial

n and participate in this exciting tour of Cyberspace.

For directions to these online 'gigs' users should contact either the

Electronic Frontier Foundation at 202-347-5400 (voice) or aerosmith@eff.org

(internet e-mail).  Alternatively, details will be available on each of the

------------------------------

Subject: Statement of Rep. Brown on Encryption Standards and Procedures Act

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

On October 6, Rep. George Brown (D-CA), Chairman of the House Committee on

Science, Space, and Technology, introduced the "Encryption Standards and

Brown introduced this bill at the end of this Congress inorder to send a

year.  

Congress is likely to begin to consider this issue early in the next

and reactions to the bill.  But, inorder to keep you informed about

mportant developments in Congress, we thought you should see this as soon

as we did.

nitial analysis and summary (see URLs at the end of this document), and

let us know what you think.

"ENCRYPTION STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES ACT OF 1994"

HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR.

OF CALIFORNIA 

THURSDAY OCTOBER 6, 1994

Mr. Speaker, today I am introducing H.R. 5199, the Encryption Standards and

Federal policy governing the development and use of encryption technology

for unclassified information that strikes the proper balance between the

need to decipher information obtained through lawful electronic

The legislation would authorize the National Institute of Standards and

Technology (NIST) to develop and issue, by regulation, federal encryption

and international electronic communications in a way that preserves privacy

electronic surveillance.  The development of such standards under a

nfluence the final program.  With respect to policy, the bill would permit

new legal requirements on escrow agents that may be part of an encryption

encryption technology, and would authorize the use of available

appropriations to implement the legislation.

Mr. Speaker, this Administration has placed a high priority on promoting

the National Information Infrastructure (NII) and in realizing the economic

and social benefits of that infrastructure.  To achieve those goals, which

and we will not realize its vast potential benefits.  Encryption technology

During the Cold War, the Federal Government pursued a de facto policy of

technology for national security reasons.  Recent advancements in

encryption technology and its proliferation make enforcement of that policy

ncreasingly difficult.  Moreover, fulfilling the goals of the National

can only be achieved with encryption technology.  The widespread use of

that technology, however, threatens to impede the government's ability to

conduct lawful electronic surveillance.

adopting a voluntary federal Escrowed Encryption Standard (EES) for

electronic voice communications known as "Clipper".  The standard would be

mplemented in computer chips that use a classified mathematical formula to

encrypt unclassified telephone conversations and computer data transmitted

over public telephone networks.  Authorized government agencies can decode

those communications by presenting a legal request to tow escrow agents,

code.

The purposes of Clipper are two fold -- first, to provide a means to

enable government law enforcement authorities and intelligence gathering

agencies to decipher such communications that have been lawfully

ntercepted.  Similar voluntary standards for electronic data

communications are under development by the government and may soon be

ssued.  The Administration contends that it has authority under the

Computer Security Act to issue such standards.  Others, however, have

The Computer Security Act, which the Committee on Science, Space, and

Technology reported and the Congress enacted in 1987, authorizes NIST, in

consultation with other appropriate federal agencies, to develop and issue

nformation" in "federal computer systems".  The Act did not explicitly

contemplate the development or issuance of standards for safeguarding

enforcement and the intelligence community.  Such communications are

considered private property subject to separate and distinct constitutional

Computer Security Act to cover such matters appears to go beyond the

original intent of the Act and may be inconsistent with other law

of encryption technology.  They argued the program will hamper business

opportunities for United States firms, may infringe on individual privacy

ntends to proceed with the initiative arguing that it is essential for

unless there is legislation or third party intervention.

The Administration has publicly stated that it does not intend to seek

legislation expressly authorizing Clipper or any other federal encryption

for flexibility, however, contributes to the public's mistrust and

opposition to Clipper.  The proposal was developed under an administrative

might be construed to diminish privacy rights without giving the public

adequate opportunity to affect the program.  For this reason alone, the

for an initiative like Clipper is legislation to codify federal encryption

mplementation would be under the rule of law. It may well be that only

under these circumstances would the public accept a federal encryption

compromising privacy rights.

The Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) issued in September an extensive

that is consistent with this view.  The report concluded that "appropriate

nstitutional and technical safeguards are required for a broad range of

of networked information may limit the usefulness and acceptance of the

can only be developed successfully through an "open process" and with

congressional involvement so the views of all affected parties can be

considered properly in arriving at a final outcome.  Public trust in

achieved through such a process.  The sentiment was shared by most

for comments.

Mr. Speaker, the bill I have introduced today has been drafted, not as a

nformation age, but as a means for getting the various factions to talk to

each other in an open process to reach a sensible and effective resolution

of this critical issue.  I invite all interested parties to comment on the

bill.  My intention is to modify the bill to reflect comments made and to

ntroduce it again early in the 104th Congress for consideration by this

body.

* For a copy of the bill and EFF comments regarding this legislation, see:

ftp.eff.org, /pub/EFF/Legislation/Bills_by_number/, hr5199*

[Note: material will soon be moved to .../Bills_by_number/Old/]

------------------------------

Subject: DoC Telecom & Info Infrastructure Assistance Program Grants

--------------------------------------------------------------------

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:                  CONTACT:  Stephanie Schoumacher

                                                  Paige Darden

                                                  (202) 482-1551

          PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS RECEIVE MILLIONS TO DEPLOY INFORMATION

                               SUPERHIGHWAY

Washington, DC -- Today, Secretary of Commerce Ronald H. Brown announced

the public institutions that will receive millions of dollars from the 

Department of Commerce's National Telecommunications and Information

Administration (NTIA).  The awards, which will help deploy a nationwide,

the information superhighway for every American.

The grants require matching funds and will generate millions of dollars

toward the development of the National Information Infrastructure (NII) in

organizations, museums, and state and local governments.

"The Telecommunications and Information Infrastructure Assistance (TIIAP)

efficiently," said Secretary Brown.  "In addition, they will serve as

catalysts for further developing the NII by providing models for communities

throughout the nation to follow," he continued.

Nearly 100 grants throughout the nation will be awarded.  Grants will be

awared for both planning and demonstration projects.  Key elements include

collaboration at the local and state levels, improving social services 

through technology, and serving diverse segments of society.

"Funding a program such as TIIAP, which is built on the concept of public/

communications and information of the U.S. Department of Commerce and

administrator of NTIA.

TIIAP program objectives include reinforcing the values of American

Examples of grants that were awarded include:

        o  a telemedicine project that will deliver health services to

underserved rural areas;

        o  an environmental education project that will collect data and

        o  an inner city development project that will use telecommunications

technologies to forge links between community building organizations that

nner city residents; and

        o  a project that will provide school children and citizens of the

classrooms, libraries, neighborhood and senior centers, shelters, and 

The National Telecommunications and Information Administrations serves as

the President's principal advisor on telecommunications policies pertaining

to the nation's economic and technological advancement and to the 

October 12, 1994

------------------------------

Subject: Digital Library Study - Call for Participation

-------------------------------------------------------

               Institutional and Organizational Dimensions

                of the Effective Use of Digital Libraries

                          Professor Rob Kling 

                         Principal Investigator

             Department of Information and Computer Science

                        University of California

                            Irvine, CA 92717

Brief Project Description (10/19/94)

There has been recent rapid growth of diverse digital

library (DL) services such as: on-line bibliographic

(including Gopher, World wide web), scholarly and

on-line databases.

However, there has been little systematic investigation into

the conditions that foster their effective use.  This project

examines how university faculty and students use relevant

DL resources, and the institutional and organizational

university teaching and research.  Institutions and

organizations vary in their ability to provide materials to

These services are now provided by librarians, academic

computing support and booksellers. By identifying the

nstitutional practices that can boost DL access and

effective use, we are developing guidelines for planning and

We are conducting a multi-tiered study including: (1) a

comparative institutional analysis of 6-8 university digital

library and network information services and (2) an

ntensive field study of DL providers and 50 faculty and

at one institution.

Some key research questions

     availability of resources, services, contents, and

     formats of electronic materials? 

     these resources, and how do they fit their

     informational preferences and work practices?

     electronic information to be available in specific

     forms?  For example, when do faculty and students

     prefer  ASCII text, bitmapped text, annotated text,

     multimedia, or print formats?  Under what conditions

     do faculty and students want networked versus

     CD-ROM or downloadable resources? Under what

     conditions can librarians, departments and academic

     computing support provide these formats?

     where they have assistance from skilled help such as

     reference librarians, colleagues or computing support

     assistants.

     with different disciplinary traditions, institutional

     pressures and values and working conditions?

     between higher quality and less  quality

     delivery/support of digital library services at a campus

     level?

This study is funded by the U.S. Department of Education

and is administered by the Center for Research in

of California, Irvine.  For more information, contact:

          Professor Rob Kling

          (kling@ics.uci.edu)

          714-856-5160 [824-5160 after Nov 5, 1994]

          Ms. Lisa Covi

          (covi@ics.uci.edu)

          714-856-5086

          714-556-8513 (Messages)

          Department of Information and Computer

          Science

          University of California

          Irvine, CA 92717-3425

------------------------------

Subject: FCC Crackdown on Free Radio Berkeley

---------------------------------------------

MEDIA RELEASE

For immediate release: Thursday, October 13 - 2 pages

Contact: Stephen Dunifer, Free Radio Berkeley - (510) 644-3779, 464-3041

		Luke Hiken, Attorney At Law, NLGCDC - (415) 705-6460

FCC SEEKS INJUNCTION TO 

GAG MICRO POWER BROADCASTER

	On Tuesday, October 10 attorneys for Stephen Dunifer and Free

Radio Berkeley received notice, 80 pages worth, of the FCC's intention to

Berkeley.  Stephen Dunifer is named as the responsible party.  Free Radio

Berkeley is part of a rapidly growing movement which uses inexpensive and

low power radio transmitters (1/2 watt to 30 watts) to reach local

communities. Called micro power broadcasting, this movement sees simple,

easy to use transmitters as the leaflet of the 90's.  In an era of

multinational controlled mass media, micro power broadcasting is the voice

of the community; the voice of the people.  For four years the government

fines.  Clearly, it sees broadcasting which anyone can do as a threat to

centralized control of information, ideas and culture.  Intimidation

	Last July the FCC served a notice of apparent liability on Stephen

Dunifer in the amount of $20,000 for alleged illegal broadcasts.  This

case has been pending before an FCC administrative panel for over a year. 

that the FCC's current fine structure was invalid.  This action, at the

very least, places the FCC fine process into a state of limbo until new

of attack. 

	Luke Hiken, attorney for Stephen Dunifer, stated, "This is a

totally unprecedented move on the part of the FCC.  It appears they have

Court System on an ever expanding community of broadcasters who are

challenging the FCC's ban on micro power broadcasting.". (continued)

	"They can kiss my Bill of Rights" was Stephen Dunifer's response,

and reclaim the airwaves from corporate control will be deterred one bit

by the FCC's latest action.  It is a matter of free speech and human

come forth, other than the FCC, to assert damage or harm.  FCC, in my

opinion, stands for fostering corporate control.  Free Radio Berkeley has

been on vacation for the last few months in order to allow time to put

together new equipment.  Broadcasts will resume shortly at a new

frequency, 104.1 FM, and continue until the date of the first court

banner of Free Radio Berkeley.  We shall not be moved nor stymied by a

	Another member of the legal defense team, Allen Hopper, put it

this way, "It is utterly amazing that the FCC would seek a TRO, which is

only sought for emergency situations where the threat of immediate and

rreparable harm requires the intervention of the Court.  The fact that

the FCC has had this case pending before its own administrative panel for

over a year contradicts any notion of emergency or injury.  Further, their

actions clearly demonstrate the fear they hold for the kind of public

	Luke Hiken and the National Lawyers Guild Committee on Democratic

Communications are committed to defending the rights of micro broadcasters

under the US Constitution and principles of international law. 

	At this moment, a hearing on this matter is scheduled to take

AM.  A Free Speech Solidarity Support Rally will be held outside the

Oakland Federal Building prior to the hearing.  On the following evening

(Saturday, December 3) a public forum flying the banner of - Seizing the

Space, Media and Communications Free Speech Activism - will be held in

Berkeley at the Unitarian Fellowship (Cedar & Bonita).  Starting time will

be 8 PM.  Simultaneous forums on this topic will be taking place in a

number of other cities around the US, and perhaps internationally as well,

on this date. 

	Complete media packets will be sent out upon request.  Please

contact Free Radio Berkeley, (510) 644-3779, (510) 464-3041. 

------------------------------

Subject: Calendar of Events

---------------------------

Nov. 25-

Dec. 6 -  Window in the Net Conference and Exhibits, Berlin, Germany,

          Info: http://www.artcom.de/frame/media

Nov. 26 - EF-Canada/U. Waterloo Free Speech & Privacy in the Information

          Age Symposium, Waterloo, Ontario, 8am-6pm. 

          Contact: Wendy Rush, +1 519 885 1211 ext. 3688, or Prof. Jeffrey

          Shallit, +1 519 888 4804; fax: +1 519 885 1208; internet:

          sfsp@graceland.uwaterloo.ca

Nov. 29-

     30 - CAUSE 94 Conference and CNI Task Force Meeting.  Contact:

          Paul Even Peters, Coalition for Networked Information, +1 202

          296 5098, paul@cni.org

Dec. 3 -  EFF-Austin Sysop Liability Workshop, 1pm-6pm CST, featuring

          EFF's Mike Godwin, Ed Cavazos of EF-Houston, Pete Kennedy (counsel

          in the Steve Jackson Games case), Steve Ryan (Houston attorney),

          Garry Kissiah (high-tech law consultant and author).

          Info: David Smith (bladex@bga.com).

Dec. 4 -  EFF/Aerosmith Conference, CompuServe Auditorium, 7pm EST

          Contact: 1-800-848-8199 for CIS access; aerosmith@eff.org for info

          See article in this issue for background

Dec. 5 -  Colorado University--Boulder's NII Summit, featuring EFF co-founder

          John Perry Barlow, Sens. Hank Brown & Ben Campbell, TCI's John

          Mallone, and US West's Richard McCormick.  

          Info: http://www.cs.colorado.edu/home/mcbryan/cnii/brochure.html

       -  EFF/Aerosmith Conference, Prodigy Auditorium, 10pm EST

          Contact: 1-800-776-3449 for Prodigy access; 

                  aerosmith@eff.org for info

Dec. 6 -  EFF/Aerosmith Conference, America On-Line Auditorium, 8:15pm EST

          Contact: 1-800-827-6364 for AOL access; aerosmith@eff.org for info

Dec. 7 -  EFF/Aerosmith Conference, Internet Meta-MOO, 10pm EST

          Info: aerosmith@eff.org; even will be hosted simultaneously by

          many MOO hosts (reachable via telnet or MOO client), including

          BayMOO, Chiba/Sprawl, MetaVerse and others.  See your sysadmin

          for technical assistance with telnet and MOO access. This historic

          Event will for the first time link a number of MOO servers in

          realtime, for the largest single organized live event in Internet

          history.  Even may also be "simulcast" via email and WWW.

          Send any message to aerosmith@eff.org for periodic updates.

Dec. 16 - 4th Annual Loebner Prize Competition in Aritificial Intelligence,

          Calif. State U. - San Marcos.  Contact: Dr. Robert Epstein, 

          +1 619 436 4400, fax: +1 619 436 4490, internet:

          repstein@nunic.nu.edu

Dec. 31 - Deadline for proposals for ISEA 95 (see below).  

Sep. 17-  

     24 - International Symposium on Electronic Art, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

          Information: +1 514 990 0229, fax: +1 514 842 7459, internet:

          isea95@er.uqam.ca

------------------------------

Subject: What YOU Can Do

------------------------

"The net poses a fundamental threat not only to the authority of the

think, and influence one another without any institutional supervision

Chip."

  - John Seabrook, "My First Flame", _New_Yorker_ 06/06/94

Ensuring the democratic potential of the technologies of computer-mediated

communication requires active participation in the political processes that

are accustomed to making decisions about the future of technology, media,

education, and public access to information, with far-reaching and

long-lasting effects on citizens and their lives, but are accustomed to

corporations, and other government representatives.

Now, more than ever, EFF is working to make sure that you can play an

active role in making these choices. Our members are making themselves heard

on the whole range of issues. EFF collected over 5000 letters of support

for Rep. Maria Cantwell's bill to liberalize restrictions on cryptography. 

We also gathered over 1400 letters supporting Sen. Leahy's open hearings on

the proposed Clipper encryption scheme, which were held in May 1994.  And

EFF collected over 90% of the public comments that were submitted to NIST

Additionally, EFF has worked for the passage of legislation that would

ensure open access to the information infrastructure of today and tomorrow,

and continues to provide some of the best online resources on privacy,

ntellectual freedom, the legalities of networking, and public access to

You *know* privacy, freedom of speech and ability to make your voice heard

n government are important. You have probably participated in our online

campaigns and forums.  Have you become a member of EFF yet?  The best way to

opinions heard.  EFF members are informed and are making a difference.  Join

EFF today!

For EFF membership info, send queries to membership@eff.org, or send any

message to info@eff.org for basic EFF info, and a membership form.

------------------------------

Administrivia

=============

EFFector Online is published by:

The Electronic Frontier Foundation

Washington DC 20001 USA

+1 202 347 5400 (voice)

+1 202 393 5509 (fax)

+1 202 638 6119 (BBS - 16.8k ZyXEL)

+1 202 638 6120 (BBS - 14.4k V.32bis)

     Coordination, production and shipping by:

     Stanton McCandlish, Online Activist/SysOp/Archivist 

Reproduction of this publication in electronic media is encouraged.  Signed

articles do not necessarily represent the views of EFF.  To reproduce

ually at will.

To subscribe to EFFector via email, send message body of "subscribe

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To get the latest issue, send any message to er@eff.org, and it will be

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------------------------------

--------------------------

Membership & donations: membership@eff.org

Legal services: ssteele@eff.org

Hardcopy publications: pubs@eff.org

Technical questions/problems, access to mailing lists: eff@eff.org

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End of EFFector Online v07 #14

******************************

$$